本文選題：若爾蓋高原　切入點(diǎn)：沙化　出處：《生態(tài)環(huán)境學(xué)報(bào)》2017年03期

【摘要】：若爾蓋高原是長(zhǎng)江、黃河上游重要的水源地之一。近年來(lái)由于人類活動(dòng)及氣候變化等原因,其草地出現(xiàn)了嚴(yán)重的沙化退化現(xiàn)象。通常認(rèn)為在返青季節(jié)對(duì)沙化退化草地進(jìn)行補(bǔ)播后,完全圍封有助其恢復(fù),但在實(shí)踐中發(fā)現(xiàn),補(bǔ)播后對(duì)其進(jìn)行放牧,恢復(fù)效果更理想。因此,選取若爾蓋典型沙化退化草地,對(duì)比分析了合理放牧、圍封禁牧與自然恢復(fù)3種恢復(fù)措施對(duì)土壤微生物生物量碳氮、土壤酶活(酸性土壤磷酸酶、多酚氧化酶、過(guò)氧化物酶、β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶及β-1,4-N-乙酰葡萄糖苷酶)及土壤碳氮礦化速率的影響。結(jié)果顯示,恢復(fù)6年后:與圍封禁牧和自然恢復(fù)相比,合理放牧恢復(fù)草地土壤微生物生物量碳[C(101.27±22.14)mg·kg~(-1)]、生物量氮[N(67.45±18.02)mg·kg~(-1)]、土壤酸性磷酸酶活[(159.0±36.4)μg·g~(-1)·h-1]、β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶活[(81.19±16.78)nmol·g~(-1)·h~(-1)]、碳礦化速率[C(25.19±5.79)g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)]以及氮礦化速率[N(0.476±0.015)mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)]顯著提高;圍封禁牧恢復(fù)草地除土壤β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶活[(29.91±14.39)nmol·g~(-1)·h~(-1)]及氮礦化速率[N(0.172±0.050)mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)]外,其余指標(biāo)與自然恢復(fù)無(wú)顯著差異;在相關(guān)性研究中,土壤氮礦化速率與微生物生物量碳氮、酸性磷酸酶活、β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶活呈極顯著相關(guān)(P0.01);微生物生物量碳氮與酸性磷酸酶活呈極顯著相關(guān)(P0.01),與β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶活呈顯著相關(guān)(P0.05)。結(jié)果表明:在若爾蓋沙化草地的恢復(fù)過(guò)程中,合理放牧是一種科學(xué)的沙化草地恢復(fù)措施。
[Abstract]:The Ruoergai Plateau is one of the most important sources of water in the upper reaches of the Yellow River and the Yangtze River.In recent years, due to human activities and climate change, the grassland has been degraded seriously.It is generally considered that the complete enclosure is helpful for the restoration of degraded sandy grassland after supplementary sowing in the returning green season, but in practice it is found that the restoration effect is better after grazing after the replacement sowing.Therefore, the soil microbial biomass, carbon nitrogen, soil enzyme activity (acid soil phosphatase, polyphenol oxidase) were compared and analyzed in three restoration measures, I. e., rational grazing, enclosed forbidding grazing and natural restoration in the typical desertified degraded grassland of Zoige.Effects of peroxidase, 尾 -1n 4-glucosidase and 尾 -1n 4-N acetyl glucosidase) and soil carbon and nitrogen mineralization rate.The results showed that, after 6 years of restoration: compared with closed grazing and natural recovery,鍚堢悊鏀劇墽鎭㈠鑽夊湴鍦熷￥寰敓鐗╃敓鐗╅噺紕砙C(101.27鹵22.14)mg路kg~(-1)],鐢熺墿閲忔愛(ài)[N(67.45鹵18.02)mg路kg~(-1)],鍦熷￥閰告，

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