本文選題：乳用犢牛　切入點(diǎn)：早期斷奶　出處：《貴州大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：為研究低乳源蛋白代乳及不同植物蛋白源對(duì)中國(guó)荷斯坦?fàn)倥Ｔ缙跀嗄虪I(yíng)養(yǎng)代謝與沉積規(guī)律的影響,選擇品種來(lái)源一致、出生時(shí)間不超過(guò)3 d的中國(guó)荷斯坦公犢27頭,隨機(jī)分為3組,分別采用40%、55%、70%的非乳源性蛋白替代比例處理,研究低乳源蛋白代乳對(duì)乳用犢牛的早期斷奶效果;對(duì)8周齡斷奶后余下的18頭早期斷奶公犢(其余9頭已屠宰做瘤胃發(fā)育生物學(xué)測(cè)定)隨機(jī)分3組,分別用豆粕、豆粕和玉米蛋白粉各滿足1/2蛋白、玉米蛋白粉3種處理,研究測(cè)定不同蛋白源對(duì)早期斷奶犢牛生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育效果的影響。并分別于22~28日齡、與118~126日齡采用全收糞收尿法進(jìn)行消化代謝試驗(yàn),研究測(cè)定低乳源蛋白代乳對(duì)初生犢牛早期斷奶的消化代謝和蛋白、能量沉積規(guī)律以及不同植物蛋白源對(duì)早期斷奶犢牛的消化代謝和蛋白、能量沉積規(guī)律。為中國(guó)荷斯坦母犢牛的早期斷奶人工培育和公犢牛的肉牛資源化利用提供技術(shù)參考。結(jié)果顯示,以改性植物蛋白和改性淀粉分別為早期斷奶代乳料的蛋白質(zhì)和能量的主要來(lái)源,3周齡早期斷奶,代乳料中70%的非乳源性蛋白替代比例對(duì)初生犢牛早期斷奶的體重、平均日增重、干物質(zhì)采食量,蛋白質(zhì)、脂肪、碳水化合物及總能的消化率,蛋白質(zhì)與脂肪的沉積量,消化能的代謝率和代謝能的沉積率,均與40%、55%的非乳源性蛋白替代比例處理相近(P0.05)。0~8周齡犢牛平均日增重為654.00g,蛋白質(zhì)與脂肪每日沉積量為123.96g、148.00g;4周齡犢牛對(duì)蛋白質(zhì)、脂肪、碳水化合物及總能的消化率分別為74.20%、95.68%、87.64%及86.53%,消化能的代謝率為95.72%,代謝能的沉積效率為40.81%。表明,以改性植物蛋白和改性淀粉分別為早期斷奶代乳料的蛋白質(zhì)和能量的主要來(lái)源,70%非乳源性蛋白代乳可使實(shí)現(xiàn)中國(guó)荷斯坦?fàn)倥ＵＯx和實(shí)現(xiàn)3周齡早期斷奶,總哺乳量不超過(guò)100kg。以植物性蛋白飼料豆粕、豆粕和玉米蛋白粉各滿足1/2蛋白、玉米蛋白粉為主要的蛋白來(lái)源,以玉米為主要的能量來(lái)源,結(jié)果顯示,玉米蛋白粉的生長(zhǎng)效果略優(yōu)于豆粕或豆粕和玉米蛋白粉各滿足1/2蛋白處理(p0.05)。2~4月齡犢牛的平均日增重為1016.13g,4~6月齡犢牛的平均日增重為1259.56g;蛋白質(zhì)與脂肪每日沉積量為225.09g、393.74g。犢牛對(duì)蛋白質(zhì)、脂肪、碳水化合物及總能的消化率分別為65.33%、74.95%、69.32%及69.17%,消化能轉(zhuǎn)化為代謝能的效率為86.69%,可消化粗蛋白與代謝能的沉積效率分別為50.28%和45.00%。表明,玉米蛋白粉由于含營(yíng)養(yǎng)抗原低,對(duì)早期斷奶中國(guó)荷斯坦公犢具有更好的消化利用和轉(zhuǎn)化效率。綜上所述,以改性植物蛋白和改性淀粉分別為早期斷奶代乳料的蛋白質(zhì)和能量的主要來(lái)源,代乳中非乳源性蛋白替代比例可達(dá)70%,犢牛0~8周齡平均日增重654.00 g,生長(zhǎng)效果良好,實(shí)現(xiàn)3周齡早期斷奶,總哺乳量不超過(guò)100kg;以植物性蛋白飼料豆粕、豆粕和玉米蛋白粉各滿足1/2蛋白、玉米蛋白粉為主要的蛋白來(lái)源,早期斷奶犢牛2~6月齡平均日增重達(dá)1136.00g,以玉米蛋白粉處理的生長(zhǎng)效果與能量、蛋白轉(zhuǎn)化效率略優(yōu)。因此,玉米蛋白粉可作為早期斷奶犢牛理想的蛋白來(lái)源。提供相同蛋白質(zhì)時(shí),玉米蛋白粉的價(jià)格低于豆粕,又因該組生長(zhǎng)效果較好,故玉米蛋白粉更適合作為犢牛料的蛋白來(lái)源。
[Abstract]:In order to study the effect of Ruyuan low protein milk replacer and different plant protein source on Chinese Holstein calves early weaning nutrition metabolism and deposition, select varieties of the same origin. The birth time is not more than 3 D Chinese veal calves 27 pigs were randomly divided into 3 groups, respectively by 40%, 55%, 70% non Ruyuan protein substitution ratio study on low protein treatment, Ruyuan milk substitute effect on milk in early weaned calves; on weaned 8 weeks after the rest of the 18 head of early weaned calves (the remaining 9 head slaughtered do rumen developmental biology determination) were randomly divided into 3 groups, respectively, with soybean meal, soybean meal and corn gluten meal each meet 1/2 protein, corn protein powder 3, effects of different protein sources on the growth effect of early weaned calves. Study on the determination and respectively in 22~28 days, and 118~126 days by total feces and urine collection method of digestion and metabolism experiment determination of low protein milk replacer of Ruyuan The digestion and metabolism and protein of newborn calf weaning, energy deposition and different plant sources of protein and protein metabolism of early weaned calves, energy deposition. For beef cattle resources utilization China female Holstein calf early weaned calves with artificial cultivation and provide technical reference. The results show that the modified vegetable protein and the modified starch respectively as the main source of early weaning milk replacer protein and energy, early weaned at 3 weeks of age, body weight of Ruyuan milk replacer in 70% protein replacement ratio of newborn calf early weaning, the average daily weight, dry matter intake, protein, fat, carbohydrate and energy of digestion the rate of deposition, the protein and fat deposition, metabolic rate and energy metabolism digestion rate, with 40%, 55% non Ruyuan protein replacement ratio (P0.05) treatment of similar.0~8 weeks old calves per day The weight gain of 654.00g, protein and fat deposition of daily 123.96g, 148.00g; 4 week old calves on protein, fat, carbohydrate and total digestion rates were 74.20%, 95.68%, 87.64% and 86.53%, digestible energy metabolic rate is 95.72%, the deposition efficiency of metabolizable energy for 40.81%. showed that the modified vegetable protein and modified starch were main sources of early weaning milk replacer protein and energy, 70% non Ruyuan protein milk replacer can achieve normal digestion and metabolism of Chinese Holstein calves at the age of 3 weeks and achieve early weaning, the total amount of breast-feeding is not more than 100kg. to plant protein feed soybean meal, soybean meal and corn gluten meal each meet 1/2 protein, corn protein powder as the main source of protein, with corn as the main source of energy. The results showed that the growth effect of maize protein powder is better than that of soybean meal or soybean meal and corn gluten meal each with 1/2 protein (P0.05 The average daily gain).2~4 month old calf weight was 1016.13g, average daily gain of 4~6 month old calf weight was 1259.56g; the protein and fat deposition in the daily capacity of 225.09g, 393.74g. of calf protein, fat, carbohydrate and total digestion rates were 65.33%, 74.95%, 69.32% and 69.17%, digestion can be converted into energy for metabolism efficiency 86.69%, digestible crude protein and metabolizable energy deposition efficiency were 50.28% and 45.00%. showed that the corn protein powder with low nutrition antigen, is better for early weaned China veal calves digestive utilization and conversion efficiency. To sum up, the modified vegetable protein and modified starch respectively as the main source of early weaning milk replacer the protein and energy, Ruyuan protein substitution ratio up to 70% non dairy calves, 0~8 weeks old, the average daily gain of 654 g, the growth of good effect, achieve 3 weeks early weaning, the total amount of lactation Not more than 100kg; to plant protein feed soybean meal, soybean meal and corn gluten meal each meet 1/2 protein, corn protein powder as the main source of protein in early weaned calves at the age of 2~6 months, the average daily gain was 1136.00g, the growth effect of maize protein powder processing and energy, protein conversion efficiency was slightly better. Therefore, corn protein powder can be used as the ideal source of protein in early weaned calves. Provide the same protein, corn protein powder is lower than the price of soybean meal, and because of the good growth effect, so the corn protein powder is more suitable to be used as feed protein sources.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：貴州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S823

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