本文選題：犬　切入點(diǎn)：血鎂異常　出處：《西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：鎂是細(xì)胞內(nèi)主要陽(yáng)離子,含量?jī)H次于鉀。鎂離子大部分分布于骨骼,少部分存在于肌肉及軟組織中,是機(jī)體必不可少的離子,在維持生命活動(dòng)方面發(fā)揮著重要的作用。在細(xì)胞內(nèi)鎂離子作為含量第二豐富的離子,是多種酶的輔酶因子和活化劑參與能量以及蛋白質(zhì)合成的多種酶反應(yīng)。體內(nèi)約1%的鎂存在于血液中,大部分以具有生物活性的離子型鎂的形式存在,少部分結(jié)合于蛋白質(zhì)或者以化合態(tài)結(jié)合于磷酸、檸檬酸鹽類之中。體內(nèi)鎂的動(dòng)態(tài)平衡調(diào)節(jié)主要依靠腸道對(duì)鎂的吸收以及腎臟對(duì)鎂的代謝。盡管鎂離子在機(jī)體內(nèi)發(fā)揮著重要的作用,但很少被獸醫(yī)臨床所關(guān)注。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在小動(dòng)物臨床中常見(jiàn)的血鎂異常多為低血鎂,臨床重癥犬只中低血鎂的發(fā)病率可達(dá)54%,而高血鎂的只有13%。本調(diào)查在臺(tái)灣臺(tái)中市國(guó)立中興大學(xué)教學(xué)獸醫(yī)院進(jìn)行4個(gè)月,主要采取收集調(diào)查期間病例、已經(jīng)死亡病例的回溯性調(diào)查研究以及血鎂濃度高于4 mg/100mL的病例,通過(guò)臨床診斷記錄以及病史回顧,對(duì)臺(tái)中市犬血鎂異常的品種、性別分布以及常見(jiàn)原因、常見(jiàn)離子異常等方面進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析,獲得了以下結(jié)果:(1)臺(tái)中市病犬血鎂異常多為高血鎂。調(diào)查期間臨床收治病例在1組中有32只病犬,患有高血鎂8例,平均血鎂濃度為4.9 mg/100 mL,無(wú)低血鎂病例;死亡病例回溯2組共69例病例,高血鎂14例,平均血鎂濃度為5.0 mg/100 mL,低血鎂2例。無(wú)論出院時(shí)是否死亡,高血鎂發(fā)病率約20%~25%,且死亡犬與非死亡犬鎂離子濃度無(wú)顯著差異(P0.05)。死亡病例組高血鎂病犬實(shí)施安樂(lè)死的僅為2例,自然發(fā)病死亡比例達(dá)85.7%。(2)在高血鎂病犬中,來(lái)自1組臨床病例高血鎂發(fā)病原因主要為泌尿系統(tǒng)疾病和生殖系統(tǒng)疾病,來(lái)自死亡病例2組以及血鎂過(guò)高(高于4 mg/100 mL)3組的高血鎂病例,病犬泌尿系統(tǒng)疾病并發(fā)高血鎂最多,其次為心血管疾病。(3)隨著血液肌酐濃度上升,氮質(zhì)血癥越嚴(yán)重,血鎂濃度越高,且無(wú)論是臨床收集到未死亡病例還是死亡病例,當(dāng)處于氮質(zhì)血癥4級(jí)時(shí),血鎂平均濃度均高于正常血鎂濃度上限為高血鎂。(4)高血鎂最常見(jiàn)并發(fā)的離子異常表現(xiàn)為高血磷。1組未死亡病例中血磷平均濃度在高血鎂癥時(shí)為7.4 mg/100 mL,比正常血鎂平均濃度4.2 mg/100 mL顯著增高(P0.01),2組磷離子濃度在高血鎂時(shí)平均濃度為16.2 mg/100 mL,與血鎂正常時(shí)平均濃度5.6 mg/100 mL差異極顯著(P0.001),且4組中磷離子平均濃度在高血鎂時(shí)同樣極顯著高于正常血鎂時(shí)平均濃度(P0.001),即無(wú)論出院犬只是否死亡,血清磷離子平均濃度在高血鎂時(shí)極顯著高于正常血鎂時(shí)平均濃度(P0.01),并且發(fā)生死亡的高血鎂犬只磷離子平均濃度極顯著高于未死亡犬只(P0.01)。鉀離子在2組和4組中,高血鎂時(shí)平均濃度極顯著高于正常血鎂時(shí)平均濃度(P0.01)。鈣離子和鈉離子無(wú)論犬只是否死亡,在高血鎂和正常血鎂時(shí)平均濃度無(wú)顯著差異(P0.05)。
[Abstract]:Magnesium is the main cationic ion in cells, which is second only to potassium. Magnesium ions are mainly distributed in bone, and a few are found in muscle and soft tissue, so they are essential ions in the body. Plays an important role in sustaining life. Magnesium ion is the second richest ion in cells. It is a variety of enzyme reactions in which coenzyme factors and activators of many enzymes participate in energy and protein synthesis. About 1% of magnesium in the body is present in the blood, mostly in the form of biologically active ionic magnesium. A few are bound to proteins or to phosphoric acid in a combined state, In citrate salts, the homeostasis of magnesium in the body depends mainly on absorption of magnesium in the gut and metabolism of magnesium in the kidney. Although magnesium ions play an important role in the body, they are rarely concerned by veterinary clinic. The common blood magnesium abnormality in small animals is low blood magnesium. The incidence of low and middle blood magnesium in severe dogs can reach 54, while that of high blood magnesium is only 13. This investigation was conducted for 4 months at National Zhongxing University Teaching Veterinary Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan. By collecting cases during investigation, retrospective investigation of dead cases and cases with blood magnesium concentration higher than 4 mg/100mL, the varieties of abnormal blood magnesium in dogs in Taichung City were analyzed by clinical diagnosis record and medical history review. Sex distribution, common causes, common ion anomalies and other aspects were analyzed statistically. The following results were obtained: (1) the abnormal blood magnesium of diseased dogs in Taichung City was mostly high blood magnesium. During the period of investigation, there were 32 sick dogs in group 1. There were 8 cases with hypermagnesium, the average blood magnesium concentration was 4.9 mg/100 mL, and no hypoglycemia was found, and 69 cases in 2 groups were retrospectively analyzed, 14 cases were high blood magnesium, the average blood magnesium concentration was 5.0 mg/100 mL, and 2 cases were low blood magnesium. Whether or not they died at discharge, The incidence of high blood magnesium was about 20% and 25%, and there was no significant difference between dead dogs and non-dead dogs (P 0.05). In the death case group, only 2 dogs with high blood magnesium were euthanized, and the natural morbidity and mortality ratio reached 85.70.2.) among the dogs with high blood magnesium disease, there was no significant difference in the concentration of magnesium ion between the dead dogs and the non-dead dogs. The main causes of hypermagnesium in clinical cases were urinary system diseases and reproductive system diseases. The causes of hypermagnesium in patients with urinary system diseases were more than those in patients with death group 2 and over high blood magnesium levels (> 4 mg/100 mL)3 group), and urinary system diseases of diseased dogs had the highest incidence of hypermagnesium. Secondly, with the increase of serum creatinine concentration, the more serious azotemia and the higher serum magnesium concentration, the higher the serum magnesium concentration, and whether there were no dead or dead cases collected clinically, when the patients were in grade 4 of azotemia, The most common complicated ion abnormality of high blood magnesium is that the mean concentration of serum phosphorus in group 1 of high blood phosphorus is 7.4 mg/100 / mL in hypermagnesium group, which is higher than that in normal group. The average concentration of P ~ (2 +) was significantly increased by 4.2 mg/100 / mL. The average concentration of P ~ (2 +) was 16.2 mg/100 / mL in high blood magnesium group, which was significantly different from that in normal blood magnesium group (5.6 mg/100 / mL). The average concentration of phosphorus ion in 4 groups was the same as that in high blood magnesium group. The average concentration of magnesium is higher than that of normal blood, P 0.001, that is, whether the discharged dog is dead or not, The average concentration of serum phosphorus ion in high magnesium group was significantly higher than that in normal blood magnesium group (P 0.01), and the average concentration of phosphorus ion in dead high blood magnesium dog was significantly higher than that in non-dead dog (P 0.01). Potassium ion in group 2 and group 4 was significantly higher than that in group 2 and group 4. The average concentration of magnesium in high blood was significantly higher than that in normal blood (P 0.01). There was no significant difference in the average concentration of calcium ion and sodium ion between high blood magnesium and normal blood magnesium, regardless of whether the dog died or not.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S858.292

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