本文選題：大熊貓　切入點(diǎn)：施氏貝蛔蟲　出處：《東北林業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：大熊貓是我國特有的珍貴瀕危動物,是野生動物保護(hù)中的旗艦物種,被譽(yù)為“活化石”,現(xiàn)存的主要棲息地是四川、陜西和甘肅的山區(qū)�；紫x是大熊貓最為常見的寄生蟲,危害極大。本研究擴(kuò)增了大熊貓蛔蟲的ITS和5.8S序列,并結(jié)合已有的18S基因序列研究其在蛔蟲目中的進(jìn)化地位,并對佛坪自然保護(hù)區(qū)野生大熊貓蛔蟲病的流行進(jìn)行了為期一年的監(jiān)測,評估溫度、露點(diǎn)、海拔、竹型等非生物因子對其的影響。2012年,在陜西省佛坪國家級自然保護(hù)區(qū)共采集193份大熊貓糞便樣品。采用飽和食鹽水漂浮法對樣品中的蟲卵進(jìn)行分離,并通過形態(tài)學(xué)鑒定蟲卵。結(jié)果顯示101份為陽性,并且鑒定為施氏貝蛔蟲。此外,采用分子生物學(xué)手段擴(kuò)增獲得了陽性樣品中施氏貝蛔蟲的ITS-1、5.8S和ITS-2基因片段�；�5.8S和ITS-2基因序列的進(jìn)化分析結(jié)果表明大熊貓蛔蟲屬于貝蛔屬,與轉(zhuǎn)移拜林蛔蟲親緣關(guān)系最近。基于ITS-1和18S基因序列的進(jìn)化分析表明蛔蟲與宿主存在緊密的協(xié)同進(jìn)化關(guān)系,動物蛔蟲進(jìn)化存在兩個起源點(diǎn),即哺乳動物單獨(dú)起源于一個點(diǎn),鳥類起源于另外一個點(diǎn)。利用麥克馬斯計數(shù)法進(jìn)行糞樣中蟲卵的檢測,結(jié)果顯示,佛坪自然保護(hù)區(qū)大熊貓施氏貝蛔蟲的年度感染率為52.3%(101/193),全年平均感染強(qiáng)度89.27個/g,單個個體感染強(qiáng)度最高達(dá)到1147個/g。從4月份開始感染強(qiáng)度與感染率開始上升,6、7月份達(dá)到頂峰,后逐漸下降。此外,流行病學(xué)監(jiān)測結(jié)果顯示施氏貝蛔蟲流行存在季節(jié)與區(qū)域差異：春夏季蛔蟲的感染率(71.0%、77.4%)顯著高于秋冬季蛔蟲的感染率(22.5%、18.4%),春夏季蛔蟲的平均感染強(qiáng)度(167.74個/g、119.81個/g)顯著高于秋冬季的平均感染強(qiáng)度(9.25個/g、2.89個/g),巴山木竹林區(qū)大熊貓蛔蟲平均感染強(qiáng)度(125.0個/g)顯著高于秦嶺箭竹區(qū)域(50.8個/g)。相關(guān)性分析表明：溫度與感染強(qiáng)度呈正相關(guān)(r=0.328,p0.01),溫度高于15℃后,施氏貝蛔蟲的感染率與感染強(qiáng)度都顯著增高；露點(diǎn)與感染強(qiáng)度呈正相關(guān)(r=0.328,p0.01)；海拔與感染強(qiáng)度呈負(fù)相關(guān)(r=-0.224,p0.01)。
[Abstract]:Giant panda is a rare and endangered animal in China and a flagship species in wildlife conservation. It is known as a "living fossil". The main habitat is Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu mountains.Ascaris lumbricoides are the most common parasites in giant pandas and are extremely harmful.In this study, the ITS and 5.8S sequences of Ascaris lumbricoides were amplified, and their evolutionary status in the order Ascaris lumbricoides was studied in combination with the existing 18s gene sequence, and the epidemic of Ascaris lumbricoides in wild pandas in Foping Nature Reserve was monitored for one year.Temperature, dew point, altitude, bamboo type and other abiotic factors were evaluated. In 2012, 193 samples of giant panda feces were collected in Foping National Nature Reserve, Shaanxi Province.The eggs in the samples were separated by saturated salt floatation, and the eggs were identified by morphology.The results showed that 101 samples were positive and identified as Ascaris skrjabii.In addition, the ITS-1 5.8S and ITS-2 gene fragments of Ascaris skrjabini in positive samples were amplified by molecular biology.The phylogenetic analysis based on 5.8S and ITS-2 gene sequences showed that the giant panda ascariasis belongs to the genus Ascaris, which is closely related to Ascaris suum.The evolutionary analysis based on ITS-1 and 18s gene sequences shows that there is a close coevolution relationship between Ascaris lumbricoides and its host. There are two origin points in the evolution of Ascaris lumbricoides in animals, that is, mammals originate from one point alone and birds from another point.The results showed that the annual infection rate of Giant Panda Ascaris Schermani in Foping Nature Reserve was 52.3% 101 / 1931%, with an average infection intensity of 89.27 / g and the highest infection intensity of 1147 / g / g per individual in the whole year.The infection intensity and infection rate began to rise in April and peaked in July and then declined gradually.In addition,The average infection intensity of the giant panda ascariasis in the bamboo forest area of Bashan Mountain (125.0 / g) was significantly higher than that in the Qinling Bamboo region (50.8 / g).
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S858.93

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 賀現(xiàn)輝;陳武;何樂天;王培園;袁子國;林瑞慶;;美洲獅和亞洲黑熊蛔蟲ITS序列擴(kuò)增及序列分析[J];中國畜牧獸醫(yī);2010年08期

2 彭雪蓉;楊光友;;大熊貓西氏貝蛔蟲與黑熊橫走貝蛔蟲成蟲體內(nèi)8種無機(jī)元素的分析[J];西華師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(自然科學(xué)版);2007年03期

3 文靜;劉鐵志;趙冰;;內(nèi)蒙古4種白粉菌的ITS序列分析[J];江蘇農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué);2014年12期

4 李倩;閆淑珍;陳雙林;;絨泡菌目黏菌的ITS1-5.8S-ITS2二級結(jié)構(gòu)的比較分析[J];菌物學(xué)報;2015年02期

5 成城;;內(nèi)臟蛔蟲蚴移行癥[J];江西醫(yī)藥;1964年02期

6 佟海山;;豬蛔蟲病與旋毛蟲病的流行與診斷[J];養(yǎng)殖技術(shù)顧問;2013年03期

7 楊旭煜;野生大熊貓蛔蟲感染率與棲息地關(guān)系討論[J];四川林業(yè)科技;1993年02期

8 王中全,崔晶;蛔蟲病的特殊臨床表現(xiàn)[J];實(shí)用兒科臨床雜志;1990年05期

9 李建華;西氏貝蛔蟲幼蟲在小鼠體內(nèi)的發(fā)育[J];中國獸醫(yī)科技;1989年08期

10 周榮瓊;夏慶友;黃漢成;鄧夢竹;;犬弓首蛔蟲ITS1基因的克隆及序列分析[J];中國預(yù)防獸醫(yī)學(xué)報;2010年10期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 曹庭盛;魚類異尖線蟲檢測方法的研究[D];浙江大學(xué);2009年

2 文茜;臺灣海峽魚類寄生異尖科線蟲幼蟲形態(tài)和分子鑒定及感染狀況分析[D];河北師范大學(xué);2013年

，

本文編號：1690397