本文選題：神農(nóng)架金絲猴　切入點(diǎn)：年齡　出處：《華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：金絲猴作為國(guó)家一級(jí)珍稀保護(hù)動(dòng)物,數(shù)量稀少,有極高的科研價(jià)值,現(xiàn)已被列為瀕危物種。神農(nóng)架金絲猴是金絲猴的一種,屬于川金絲猴。我國(guó)政府已采取多種措施保護(hù)神農(nóng)架金絲猴,人工補(bǔ)食計(jì)劃是其中之一。人工補(bǔ)食計(jì)劃的實(shí)施改變了神農(nóng)架金絲猴原有的生活環(huán)境和飲食結(jié)構(gòu),必然會(huì)導(dǎo)致神農(nóng)架金絲猴腸道菌群發(fā)生變化,由于腸道菌群與腸道健康密切相關(guān),腸道菌群的失調(diào)有可能導(dǎo)致腸道疾病和其它非腸道疾病。因此,研究不同年齡階段神農(nóng)架金絲猴的腸道菌群組成,對(duì)監(jiān)測(cè)金絲猴的腸道疾病和今后開(kāi)展金絲猴專(zhuān)用人工飼料對(duì)腸道菌群的影響具有重要理論和實(shí)際指導(dǎo)意義。本研究共采集神農(nóng)架金絲猴糞便樣品47份。其中17份隨機(jī)采集的樣品用于變性梯度凝膠電泳技術(shù)分析,探索神農(nóng)架金絲猴腸道菌群組成和多樣性信息;另外30份樣品來(lái)自三個(gè)不同年齡段的30只神農(nóng)架金絲猴,用于16S r DNA的V4區(qū)高通量測(cè)序分析,得到三個(gè)年齡段神農(nóng)架金絲猴腸道菌群組成和差異的信息,并將測(cè)得結(jié)果與其他物種的腸道菌群進(jìn)行了比較分析。取得了如下結(jié)果:1.17份隨機(jī)采集樣品的變性梯度凝膠電泳分析結(jié)果表明:不同個(gè)體之間腸道菌群的多樣性存在差異;主要優(yōu)勢(shì)菌門(mén)及比例:厚壁菌門(mén)(Firmicutes,55.6%)和擬桿菌門(mén)(Bacteroidetes,13.9%)。2.30份不同年齡段糞樣高通量測(cè)序分析結(jié)果表明:神農(nóng)架金絲猴腸道主要優(yōu)勢(shì)菌門(mén)為厚壁菌門(mén)(Firmicutes,20.96%-30.29%)和擬桿菌門(mén)(Bacteroidetes,29.85%-39.46%);0-3歲組(Y1),5-8歲組(Y2),12歲以上組(Y3)腸道菌群含OTUs的數(shù)目依次為1469,1381,1931;菌門(mén)數(shù)目依次為16,16,19;屬的數(shù)目依次為166,157,190;從不同年齡段腸道菌群OUTs數(shù)目比較可以看出:12歲以上組腸道菌群所含種類(lèi)最多,腸道菌群最為豐富;UPGMA聚類(lèi)分析表明0-3歲組(Y1)和5-8歲組(Y2)腸道菌群組成較為接近。3.神農(nóng)架金絲猴腸道菌群與其他物種的比較分析結(jié)果顯示,厚壁菌門(mén)和擬桿菌門(mén)是神農(nóng)架金絲猴腸道和人、非人靈長(zhǎng)類(lèi)腸道共同的優(yōu)勢(shì)菌門(mén),但在兩者在3個(gè)物種腸道內(nèi)所含的比例有差異(其中金絲猴為:57.88%-62.17%;人為:90%以上;非人靈長(zhǎng)類(lèi)70.50%-98.30);變形菌門(mén)在神農(nóng)架金絲猴和人腸道中所占比例有較大的差異;螺旋體門(mén)是神農(nóng)架金絲猴腸道的優(yōu)勢(shì)菌門(mén),在人、非人靈長(zhǎng)類(lèi)腸道中為非優(yōu)勢(shì)菌門(mén);神農(nóng)架金絲猴腸道厚壁菌門(mén)以梭菌綱為主,且含有反芻動(dòng)物特有的纖維桿菌門(mén);神農(nóng)架金絲猴的腸道中存在反芻動(dòng)物特有的甲烷短桿菌。
[Abstract]:As one of the country's first class protected animals, the golden monkey is rare in number and of great scientific research value, and has been listed as an endangered species. The Shennongjia golden monkey is a kind of golden monkey. Belong to Sichuan golden monkey. Our government has taken many measures to protect Shennongjia golden monkey, among which artificial supplementary feeding plan is one of them. The implementation of artificial supplementary feeding program has changed the original living environment and diet structure of Shennongjia golden monkey. This will inevitably lead to changes in the intestinal flora of the Shennongjia golden monkey. Because the intestinal flora is closely related to intestinal health, the imbalance of the intestinal flora may lead to intestinal diseases and other non-intestinal diseases. The composition of intestinal flora of Shennongjia golden monkey at different ages was studied. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to monitor the intestinal diseases of golden monkey and to develop the effect of artificial diet for golden monkey on intestinal flora. In this study, 47 fecal samples of Shennongjia golden monkey were collected. 17 of them were collected from the faeces of Shennongjia golden monkey. Random samples were used for denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis. To explore the composition and diversity information of intestinal flora of Shennongjia golden monkey, another 30 samples were collected from 30 Shennongjia golden monkeys of different ages and used for high-throughput sequencing analysis of V4 region of 16s r DNA. The composition and difference of intestinal flora of three age groups of Shennongjia golden monkey were obtained. The results were compared with those of other species. The following results were obtained: 1.17 randomly collected samples were analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. The results showed that the diversity of intestinal flora was different among different individuals. Main dominant phylum and proportion: Firmicutesa (55.65.65.65.65.65.65.65.65) and Bacteroidetes 13.99.2.30 fecal samples of different age groups high throughput sequencing analysis showed that the main dominant bacteria in the intestinal tract of the golden monkey in Shennongjia were Firmicutes20.96-30.29292929) and Bacteroidetes 29.85-39.460-3 years old. The number of OTUs in intestinal microflora was 1469, 1381 and 1931, respectively, and the number of bacteria was 166157190 and 166157190 in turn. The number of OUTs in intestinal flora of different age groups was the most, and the number of OUTs in intestinal flora over 12 years of age was the most, and the number of genera was 166157190.These results showed that the number of intestinal microflora was the most in group over 12 years of age, and the number of bacteria in intestinal flora of different age groups was more than 12 years old. The results of UPGMA cluster analysis showed that the composition of intestinal flora of 0-3 years old group and 5-8 year old group was close to that of 3.The results of comparison between Shennongjia golden monkey and other species showed that the intestinal microflora of Shennongjia golden monkey was similar to that of other species. The phylum and Bacteroides phylum are the common dominant phylum of intestinal tract of Shennongjia golden monkey and human and non-human primates, but the proportion of them in the intestinal tract of three species is different (the golden monkey is: 57.88-62.17g), the proportion of human being above 90%; The proportion of Proteus phylum in the intestine of golden monkey of Shennongjia is different from that of human, and that of spirochetes is the dominant bacteria in the intestinal tract of Shennongjia golden monkey, which is non-dominant in human and non-human primate intestines. Shenongjia golden monkey intestinal clostridium is mainly Clostridium, and contains ruminant specific cellulose bacilli, Shennongjia golden monkey intestinal tract of ruminant unique methanobacterium.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S852.6

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