本文選題：泰和烏骨雞　切入點：寧都黃雞　出處：《江西農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：泰和烏骨雞和寧都黃雞屬于著名的江西省地方品種資源,各具鮮明的外觀特質(zhì),尤其表現(xiàn)在膚色和內(nèi)臟的差異。本研究通過多種生物組織化學染色方法研究泰和烏骨雞和寧都黃雞機體黑色素的分布規(guī)律、黑色素細胞的分布特點以及鑒定參與黑色素生成的主要細胞,研究結(jié)果可進一步闡明兩個地方雞種的膚色及內(nèi)臟漿膜差異、家禽黑色素的生物合成機制提供細胞學依據(jù),為黑色素的遷移沉積提供形態(tài)學的理論依據(jù)。在本研究中,采用HE染色法研究泰和烏骨雞和寧都黃雞的皮膚組織結(jié)構(gòu)以及泰和烏骨雞和寧都黃雞黑色素在相關(guān)組織器官中的分布規(guī)律。采用Lillie氏和DOPA組織化學染色法對不同部位皮膚的黑色素細胞進行染色定位,確定黑色素細胞的分布特點以及鑒定黑色素細胞的成熟狀態(tài)。采用改良甲苯胺藍染色法和Grimelin硝酸銀反應法鑒定參與黑色素生成的主要細胞類型。采用透射電鏡法鑒定黑色素細胞內(nèi)黑素小體的存在類型及黑色素細胞的成熟狀態(tài)。研究結(jié)果顯示:泰和烏骨雞和寧都黃雞皮膚的肥大細胞主要沿真皮層毛細血管網(wǎng)分布。被檢測組織器官的黑色素沉積量存在不同程度的差異,泰和烏骨雞的各組織器官均有沉積,而寧都黃雞除皮膚毛囊、眼睛內(nèi)有沉積外,其它組織器官均無明顯沉積。成熟黑色素細胞主要分布于泰和烏骨雞皮膚的表皮基底層、毛囊毛球部以及寧都黃雞皮膚的毛囊毛球部和毛囊外根鞘中;無色素性黑色素細胞主要分布于寧都黃雞皮膚的表皮基底層以及泰和烏骨雞皮膚的毛囊外根鞘中。泰和烏骨雞和寧都黃雞胃腸道親銀細胞形態(tài)多樣,多有突起,主要分布于腸腺上皮,黏膜上皮和固有層,分布密度趨勢為:盲腸直腸回腸空腸十二指腸腺胃,且泰和烏骨雞的胃及腸道的分布密度要顯著高于寧都黃雞。電鏡下,泰和烏骨雞皮膚的黑色素細胞內(nèi)黑素小體可見Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ四個時期,其中Ⅳ期黑素小體占大多數(shù),說明黑色素細胞已趨于處于成熟狀態(tài),具有分泌黑色素的能力,而寧都黃雞表皮黑色素細胞內(nèi)的黑素小體處于Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期居多,Ⅳ期極少,可認為是無色素性黑色素細胞,不能分泌黑色素。研究結(jié)果表明,黑色素的生物合成受皮膚表皮層和毛囊內(nèi)黑色素細胞成熟狀態(tài)的影響;皮膚肥大細胞和胃腸道親銀細胞分泌的5-羥色胺等生物活性物質(zhì)可被酪氨酸激酶催化后參與黑色素的合成。泰和烏骨雞烏色皮膚及漿膜的形成原因與表皮黑色素細胞的成熟狀態(tài)有關(guān),白色羽毛的形成與毛囊外根鞘黑色素細胞的成熟狀態(tài)有關(guān)。
[Abstract]:Taihe Black-bone Chicken and Ningdu Yellow Chicken belong to the famous local variety resources of Jiangxi Province, each with distinct appearance characteristics. In this study, the distribution of melanin in Taihe silky chicken and Ningdu yellow chicken was studied by a variety of biohistochemical staining methods. The distribution of melanocytes and the identification of the main cells involved in melanogenesis can further clarify the differences of skin color and visceral serosa between the two local breeds. The biosynthesis mechanism of poultry melanin provides cytological basis. To provide the morphological basis for the migration and deposition of melanin. The skin tissue structure of Taihe and Ningdu yellow chickens and the distribution of melanin in the tissues and organs of Taihe and Ningdu yellow chickens were studied by HE staining. The melanocytes in the skin were stained and localized. The distribution of melanocytes and the maturation of melanocytes were determined. The main cell types involved in melanogenesis were identified by modified toluidine blue staining and Grimelin silver nitrate reaction. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used. The types of melanosomes in melanocytes and the maturation of melanocytes were identified. The results showed that the mast cells in the skin of Taihe and Ningdu chickens were mainly distributed along the dermal capillary network. There are different degrees of melanin deposition in tissues and organs. All tissues and organs of Taihe silk-bone chicken were deposited, but there was no obvious deposition in other tissues except hair follicles and eyes of Ningdu yellow chicken. Mature melanocytes were mainly distributed in the basal layer of skin epidermis of Taihe silky chicken. Hair follicle hair follicle hair follicle hair follicle hair bulb and outer root sheath of Ningdu yellow chicken skin; Non-pigmented melanocytes were mainly distributed in the basal layer of epidermis of Ningdu yellow chicken skin and in the outer root sheath of hair follicle of Taihe silky chicken skin. It was mainly distributed in intestinal gland epithelium, mucosal epithelium and lamina propria. The distribution density of ileum jejunum and duodenum glandular stomach in cecum and rectum, and the distribution density of stomach and intestine in Taihe silky chicken were significantly higher than those in Ningdu yellow chicken. The melanosomes in melanocytes of Taihe silky chicken skin can be seen in four stages: 鈪，

本文編號：1668020