本文選題：油茶粕生物飼料　切入點：肉雞　出處：《安徽農業(yè)大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文采用等營養(yǎng)替代豆粕方案,進行油茶粕生物飼料應用于肉雞養(yǎng)殖的研究,通過飼養(yǎng)試驗測定油茶粕生物飼料對肉雞生長、生產性能、消化功能、消化器官、免疫器官、腸道微生態(tài)的影響,確定其最適宜在肉雞日糧中添加或替代豆粕比例;以此評價油茶粕生物飼料在家禽養(yǎng)殖上的應用價值,為油茶粕作為畜禽飼料原料提供畜禽應用基礎數據。研究分為兩個試驗。試驗一:油茶粕生物飼料在肉雞養(yǎng)殖中的應用研究。選用192只健康且體重相近的15日齡AA肉雞,公母各半,隨機分為4組,每組4個重復。每個重復12只雞。A組為對照組飼喂常規(guī)基礎飼料。B、C、D為試驗組,分別用油茶粕生物飼料替代日糧配方中15%、35%和50%的豆粕。試驗結果表明:替代15%豆粕的處理組提高了肉雞的生長性能和表觀消化率。各試驗組均降低了肉雞食糜粘度和腸道pH,提高了肉雞腸道消化酶活性;尤其是30日齡時,各試驗組的肉雞腸道胰蛋白酶活性,與對照組相比差異顯著P0.05㖞;試驗組均降低了肉雞的腹脂率,15%替代組提高了肉雞屠宰率、全凈膛率、胸肌率和腿肌率,尤其是全凈膛率和腿肌率,差異顯著(P0.05)。各試驗組均提高了雞肉胸肌和腿肌的肌苷酸含量,尤其是腿肌,差異顯著(P0.05),降低了雞肉的貯存損失和剪切力,且差異顯著(P0.05)。各試驗組均提高了肉雞的免疫器官指數,尤其是15%和35%替代組42日齡的胸腺指數,差異顯著(P0.05)。各試驗組對肉雞消化器官的發(fā)育指標和血液生化指標均無顯著影響,這說明一定量的油茶粕生物飼料能夠替代豆粕用于肉雞飼料,不會影響肉雞的消化和各主要器官的生理功能,同時能夠提高肉雞的生長性能、屠體性能和改善肉品質,促進肉雞免疫器官的發(fā)育。試驗二:油茶粕生物飼料對肉雞腸道形態(tài)和菌群的影響研究。此項研究主要是在試驗一的基礎上,從腸道微生態(tài)角度,初步探究油茶粕生物飼料對肉雞生長、生產及生理影響的機理。選取120只15日齡的AA肉雞隨機分為兩組,每組4個重復,每個重復15只雞,A組為對照組飼喂基礎日糧,B組為試驗組,用油茶粕生物飼料替代豆粕的15%。結果表明:試驗組十二指腸的絨毛高度以及絨毛高度/隱窩深度顯著的高于對照組P0.05㖞,而隱窩深度低于對照組,但差異不顯著(P0.05)。在十二指腸中,大腸桿菌數量顯著低于對照組、乳酸桿菌數量顯著高于對照組P0.05㖞,雙歧桿菌數量也高于對照組,但差異不顯著(P0.05)。這說明油茶粕生物飼料所含有的茶皂素、茶多酚、小肽等生物活性物質可能通過有效的改善肉雞小腸形態(tài),調節(jié)腸道菌群,增加有益菌含量來對肉雞生產性能產生有益作用。
[Abstract]:In this paper, we studied the application of camellia oleifera meal biofeed to broiler breeding by using the scheme of equal nutrition to substitute soybean meal. The growth, production performance, digestive function, digestive organs and immune organs of broiler were determined by feeding experiment. The effect of intestinal microecology on the ratio of soybean meal to broiler diet was determined to evaluate the application value of camellia meal biofeed in poultry breeding. In order to provide basic data of animal and poultry application for Camellia oleifera meal as feed material for livestock and poultry, the study was divided into two experiments. Experiment 1: the application of Camellia oleifera meal biological feed in broiler breeding. 192 AA broilers of 15 days of age, who were healthy and of similar body weight, were selected. Male and female were randomly divided into 4 groups with 4 repeats in each group. The experiment results showed that the treatment group with 15% soybean meal could improve the growth performance and apparent digestibility of broiler chicken, and all the experimental groups could reduce chylostickiness of broiler chicken by using camellia camellia meal biofeed instead of soybean meal of 15% and 50% of the diet respectively, and the results showed that the treatment group with 15% soybean meal could improve the growth performance and apparent digestibility of broilers. The intestinal digestive enzyme activity of broilers was increased by degree and pH. Especially at the age of 30 days, the intestinal trypsin activity of the broilers in each trial group was significantly different from that of the control group. P0.05? In the experiment group, the abdominal fat rate of the broiler was decreased by 15%, and the slaughter rate, the total muzzle rate, the pectoral muscle rate and the leg muscle rate, especially the total bore rate and the leg muscle rate, were increased in the substitute group. The content of inosine in pectoralis muscle and leg muscle, especially in leg muscle, was significantly increased in each experimental group, which decreased the storage loss and shear force of chicken, and significantly increased the immune organ index of broiler. There was significant difference in thymus index between 15% and 35% substitution groups at 42 days of age (P0.05). There was no significant effect on the development index of digestive organs and blood biochemical index of broilers in each test group. The results showed that a certain amount of camellia meal biological feed could replace soybean meal in broiler feed without affecting the digestion of broiler and physiological function of main organs, meanwhile, it could improve the growth performance, carcass performance and meat quality of broiler. To promote the development of immune organs in broilers. Experiment 2: effects of Camellia oleifera meal biofeed on intestinal morphology and flora of broilers. This study was mainly based on experiment 1 and from the point of view of intestinal microecology. To explore the mechanism of the effects of camellia meal biofeed on growth, production and physiology of broilers, 120 15 day-old AA broilers were randomly divided into two groups, each group with 4 replicates. The control group fed basal diet group B was treated with camellia meal biofeed instead of soybean meal. The results showed that the villi height and villus height / crypt depth of duodenum in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group. P0.05? The depth of crypt was lower than that of control group, but the difference was not significant (P 0.05). In duodenum, the number of Escherichia coli was significantly lower than that of control group, and the number of Lactobacillus was significantly higher than that of control group. P0.05? , the number of Bifidobacterium was also higher than that of the control group, but the difference was not significant (P0.050.This indicated that the bioactive substances such as tea saponin, tea polyphenols, small peptides and other bioactive substances contained in the biofeed of Camellia oleifera meal might effectively improve the morphology of the small intestine of broilers and regulate the intestinal flora. Increasing the content of beneficial bacteria has a beneficial effect on the performance of broilers.
【學位授予單位】：安徽農業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S831.5

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