本文選題：毒害草　切入點：阿勒泰地區(qū)　出處：《新疆農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：毒害草對草原畜牧業(yè)生產(chǎn),對草場生態(tài)環(huán)境的危害已經(jīng)不容忽視。研究毒害草在各個地區(qū)的種類及分布,通過多樣性分析及科學(xué)的方法去研究、對比和評價毒害草在整個生態(tài)圈的意義。新疆阿勒泰地區(qū)是一個以草原畜牧業(yè)為主的地區(qū),研究阿勒泰地區(qū)毒害草種類和分布具有重大意義。阿勒泰地區(qū)草地面積占了新疆天然草地面積的7%,調(diào)查該地區(qū)毒害草種類與分布具有重大意義。本研究采取實地調(diào)查與到當(dāng)?shù)乜h市畜牧局、草原站索取資料相結(jié)合的方法,對阿勒泰地區(qū)草原主要有毒、有害植物的種類、分布及危害程度進(jìn)行調(diào)查,為阿勒泰地區(qū)草原畜牧業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)阿勒泰地區(qū)草地主要毒害草有98種,隸屬于29科60屬,在這29科毒害草中,含4種以上毒害草的科有8科,分別為毛茛科、菊科、禾本科、豆科、罌粟科、蓼科、茄科、龍膽科,僅這8科即占毒害草總數(shù)的63.27%。(2)毒害草的種類較豐富,這對草原未來的發(fā)展形成了較大的隱患。12個草地類型的毒害草物種豐富度范圍為19-50種。Shannon-Wiener指數(shù)(H′)變化在1.95-4.42之間;Simpson指數(shù)(D)和均勻度(Jsw)依次為于0.34-0.92和0.31-0.93。(3)12個草地類型的種群分布格局差異較大,一半毒害草群落都是聚集分布,其中荒漠類草地類型全部都是聚集分布,均勻分布的草地類型最少,隨機(jī)分布的草地共有4種,大部分是草甸草地類型。(4)阿勒泰地區(qū)草地的毒害草危害已經(jīng)較嚴(yán)重,在這種不能確保補(bǔ)種牧草、恢復(fù)植被的情況下,不宜完全采取化學(xué)或物理防除方法除毒害草,以免造成天然草地植被退化,生態(tài)環(huán)境惡化。
[Abstract]:The harm of poisonous grass to grassland animal husbandry production and grassland ecological environment can not be ignored. To study the species and distribution of poisonous grass in various regions, we should study it by means of diversity analysis and scientific methods. Comparing and evaluating the significance of toxic grass in the whole ecosphere. Altay region in Xinjiang is a region dominated by grassland animal husbandry. It is of great significance to study the species and distribution of poisonous grass in Altay region. The grassland area in Altay area accounts for 7% of the natural grassland area in Xinjiang. It is of great significance to investigate the species and distribution of poisonous grass in this area. Investigating and going to the local county and city animal husbandry bureau, With the method of obtaining information from grassland stations, the species, distribution and harm degree of the main poisonous and harmful plants in the grasslands of the Aletai region were investigated. The main results are as follows: (1) there are 98 species of poisonous grass in Altay grassland, belonging to 29 families and 60 genera. There are 8 families in which there are more than 4 species of poisonous grass, which are Ranunculaceae, Compositae, Gramineae, Leguminosae, Papaveraceae, Polygonaceae, Solanaceae and Gentianaceae. The species richness of 12 grassland types ranged from 19 to 50 species. Shannon-Wiener index (HN) ranged from 1.95-4.42, Simpson index (D) and evenness (Jsw) were 0.34-0.92 and 0.31-0.93.0.32, respectively. The pattern of group distribution is quite different, Among them, all the desert grassland types are clustered distribution, the average distribution is the least, and there are 4 species of randomly distributed grassland. Most of them are meadow grassland type. 4) the harm of toxic grass in Altay grassland is already serious, so it is not appropriate to take chemical or physical control methods to remove poisonous grass in this situation, which can not ensure the replanting of forage and restore vegetation. In order to avoid the degradation of natural grassland vegetation, ecological environment deterioration.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S812.6

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 豆豆;李偉;;肅南縣天然草地退化成因及防治對策[J];現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)科技;2015年13期

2 劉曉學(xué);嚴(yán)杜建;吳晨晨;王建國;趙寶玉;曹丹丹;馬烽;馮柯;;西藏草原5種主要有毒植物營養(yǎng)成分[J];草業(yè)科學(xué);2015年06期

3 劉曉學(xué);馮柯;嚴(yán)杜建;吳晨晨;趙寶玉;;西藏天然草原有毒植物危害與防控技術(shù)研究進(jìn)展[J];中國草地學(xué)報;2015年03期

4 嚴(yán)杜建;周啟武;路浩;吳晨晨;趙寶玉;曹丹丹;馬烽;劉曉學(xué);;新疆天然草地毒草災(zāi)害分布與防控對策[J];中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué);2015年03期

5 周啟武;于龍鳳;王紹梅;李曉君;彭澤琴;趙寶玉;;入侵植物紫莖澤蘭的危害及綜合防控與利用[J];動物醫(yī)學(xué)進(jìn)展;2014年05期

6 趙國君;顏生林;祁發(fā)宏;;海北州草業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展調(diào)研[J];青海草業(yè);2014年01期

7 王衛(wèi);張鮮花;安沙舟;李宏;木克松·木明;董莉莉;;新疆伊犁天然草地白喉烏頭種群分布格局[J];草業(yè)科學(xué);2014年03期

8 趙德良;;新疆新源縣草原毒害草種類及防治措施[J];草食家畜;2014年02期

9 阿德力·麥地;柳妍妍;古麗努爾;孔小新;納比烏拉;;烏魯木齊縣天然草地毒害植物初步調(diào)查及防治對策[J];干旱區(qū)研究;2013年06期

10 馮今;秦冬梅;孫斌;王炳煜;;GEF項目區(qū)天然草地主要有毒植物[J];中國草食動物科學(xué);2013年02期

，

本文編號：1662833