本文選題：紅曲米　切入點：洛伐他汀　出處：《四川農業(yè)大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：本試驗旨在研究日糧中添加紅曲米對山羊甲烷排放量、瘤胃古菌多樣性及飼料利用率的影響。本試驗采用2*2拉丁方設計,選取10頭山羊,分為2個處理組,分別為對照組(CT),紅曲米組(RYR)。每期試驗23天,其中預飼期14天,代謝試驗期6天,呼吸測熱3天。通過代謝實驗來評定紅曲米對飼料利用率的影響,利用開路式循環(huán)呼吸測熱室檢測甲烷排放量。每期實驗結束后抽取山羊瘤胃內容物樣品,提取瘤胃微生物總DNA,利用古菌通用引物對(上游引物A349F 5'-GYGCASCAGKCGM GAAW-3'和下游引物 A806R 5'-GGACTACVSGGGTATCTAAT-3'),以總 DNA 為模板,針對 16srRNA V4-V5 region 進行 PCR 擴增。利用 I11umina MiSeq 300PE 測序平臺對擴增產物進行高通量測序。應用生物信息學軟件對測序結果進行統(tǒng)計分析。結果表明:1)與CT組相比,RYR組有機物及粗蛋白消化率極顯著降低(P0.01),但僅比對照組降低了 3.4%和7.3%,干物質采食量,干物質、粗灰分、粗脂肪、中性洗滌纖維、酸性洗滌纖維和粗纖維的消化率兩組間差異不顯著(P＞0.05);2)氮沉積率和氮凈利用率兩個處理組間沒有顯著差異(P0.05);3)能量利用率方面,消化能/總能對照組均極顯著高于紅曲米組(P0.01),代謝能/總能對照組顯著高于紅曲米組(P0.05),但紅曲米組凈能/總能極顯著高于對照組(P0.01);4)與對照組相比,紅曲米組CH4g/d、CH4g/kg干物質采食量、CH4g/kg有機物采食量、CH4g/kg可消化干物質攝入量和CH4g/kgBW∧0.75極顯著降低(P0.01),CH4g/kg可消化有機物攝入量顯著降低(P0.05),CH4g/kg可消化NDF攝入量兩組之間差異不顯著(P0.05);5)與對照組相比,紅曲米組血液中高密度脂蛋白和低密度脂蛋白均極顯著降低(P0.01),另外紅曲米組低密度脂蛋白和甘油三酯水平顯著低于對照組(P0.05);6)紅曲米對瘤胃乙酸、丙酸、丁酸和氨氮濃度均無顯著影響;7)本次試驗共獲得屬于古菌的序列數為75616�；谙嗨贫却笥�97%的原則,將獲得的有效序列進行 OTUs(Operational Taxonomic Units)聚類,共獲得 23640TUs,已足夠覆蓋瘤胃古菌種群,shannon指數紅曲米組顯著高于對照組(P0.05),ChaoⅠ指數和observed_species指數雖然組間的差異不顯著(P0.05),但紅曲米組在數值上高于對照組;8)對照組廣古菌門的相對豐度達到95.80%,極顯著高于紅曲米組,而紅曲米組泉古菌門的相對豐度為19.44%,極顯著高于對照組。(P0.01);9)在綱、目、科、屬、種水平上,紅曲米組的甲烷桿菌綱、甲烷桿菌目、甲烷桿菌科和甲烷短桿菌屬的相對豐度均極顯著低于對照組(P0.01)。而紅曲米組屬于泉古菌門的菌群主要為未分類的熱變形菌綱(19.11%),極顯著高于對照組(P0.01)。試驗結論:紅曲米具有抑制瘤胃甲烷短桿菌的作用,但并不能抑制所有的瘤胃古菌。日糧中添加紅曲米能顯著提高山羊對日糧能量的利用效率,極顯著降低山羊瘤胃甲烷排放量,且對氮的利用效率和瘤胃發(fā)酵參數影響不顯著;因此紅曲米可以用于山羊瘤胃甲烷的減排。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this experiment was to study the effect of adding red koji rice to diet on methane emission, diversity of rumen archaea and feed utilization efficiency in goats. There were 23 days in each trial, including 14 days of pre-feeding, 6 days of metabolic test and 3 days of respiration calorimetry. The effects of red koji rice on feed utilization were evaluated by metabolic experiments. Methane emissions were measured in an open-circuit circulatory breathing chamber. Samples of goat rumen contents were taken at the end of each phase of the experiment. The total DNA of rumen microorganism was extracted by using the universal primer pairs (upstream primer A349F 5'-GYGCASCAGKCGM GAAW-3'and downstream primer A806R 5GGACTACVGTATGTATCTAAT-3). The total DNA was used as template. The 16srRNA V4-V5 region was amplified by PCR. The high throughput sequencing was carried out by using I11umina MiSeq 300PE sequencing platform. The results were statistically analyzed by bioinformatics software. The results showed that: 1) compared with CT group, RYR had high throughput. The digestibility of organic matter and crude protein decreased significantly (P 0.01), but the dry matter intake decreased by 3.4% and 7.3% than that of the control group. There was no significant difference in digestibility of dry matter, crude ash, crude fat, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and crude fiber between the two groups (P > 0.05). The digestible energy / total energy of the control group was significantly higher than that of the red koji rice group (P 0.01), the metabolic energy / total energy control group was significantly higher than that of the red koji rice group (P 0.05), but the net energy / total energy of the red koji rice group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P 0.01). Ch 4 g / kg dry matter intake of Ch 4 g / kg Ch 4 g / kg in red koji rice group was significantly lower than that in control group (P 0. 01 g / kg, P 0. 05 g / kg, P 0. 05 g / kg, P 0. 05 g / kg, P 0. 05%, P 0. 05%, P 0. 05%, P 0. 05%, P 0. 05%, P 0. 05%, P 0. 05%, P 0. 05%, P 0. 05%, P 0. 05%, P 0. 05%, P 0. 05%, P 0. 05%, P 0. 05%, P 0. 05%). High density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) in the blood of Monascus rice group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P 0.05). In addition, the low density lipoprotein and triglyceride levels in red koji rice group were significantly lower than those in control group (P 0.05). There was no significant effect of butyric acid and ammonia nitrogen concentration.) the number of sequences belonging to ancient bacteria was 75616. Based on the principle of similarity greater than 97%, the effective sequences were clustered by OTUs(Operational Taxonomic Unites. A total of 23640TUswas obtained, which was enough to cover the rumen paleomycetes group, the red koji rice group was significantly higher than the control group (P 0.05), the Chao 鈪，

本文編號：1657658