本文選題：紅曲米　切入點(diǎn)：洛伐他汀　出處：《四川農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：本試驗(yàn)旨在研究日糧中添加紅曲米對(duì)山羊甲烷排放量、瘤胃古菌多樣性及飼料利用率的影響。本試驗(yàn)采用2*2拉丁方設(shè)計(jì),選取10頭山羊,分為2個(gè)處理組,分別為對(duì)照組(CT),紅曲米組(RYR)。每期試驗(yàn)23天,其中預(yù)飼期14天,代謝試驗(yàn)期6天,呼吸測(cè)熱3天。通過代謝實(shí)驗(yàn)來評(píng)定紅曲米對(duì)飼料利用率的影響,利用開路式循環(huán)呼吸測(cè)熱室檢測(cè)甲烷排放量。每期實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)束后抽取山羊瘤胃內(nèi)容物樣品,提取瘤胃微生物總DNA,利用古菌通用引物對(duì)(上游引物A349F 5'-GYGCASCAGKCGM GAAW-3'和下游引物 A806R 5'-GGACTACVSGGGTATCTAAT-3'),以總 DNA 為模板,針對(duì) 16srRNA V4-V5 region 進(jìn)行 PCR 擴(kuò)增。利用 I11umina MiSeq 300PE 測(cè)序平臺(tái)對(duì)擴(kuò)增產(chǎn)物進(jìn)行高通量測(cè)序。應(yīng)用生物信息學(xué)軟件對(duì)測(cè)序結(jié)果進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。結(jié)果表明:1)與CT組相比,RYR組有機(jī)物及粗蛋白消化率極顯著降低(P0.01),但僅比對(duì)照組降低了 3.4%和7.3%,干物質(zhì)采食量,干物質(zhì)、粗灰分、粗脂肪、中性洗滌纖維、酸性洗滌纖維和粗纖維的消化率兩組間差異不顯著(P＞0.05);2)氮沉積率和氮凈利用率兩個(gè)處理組間沒有顯著差異(P0.05);3)能量利用率方面,消化能/總能對(duì)照組均極顯著高于紅曲米組(P0.01),代謝能/總能對(duì)照組顯著高于紅曲米組(P0.05),但紅曲米組凈能/總能極顯著高于對(duì)照組(P0.01);4)與對(duì)照組相比,紅曲米組CH4g/d、CH4g/kg干物質(zhì)采食量、CH4g/kg有機(jī)物采食量、CH4g/kg可消化干物質(zhì)攝入量和CH4g/kgBW∧0.75極顯著降低(P0.01),CH4g/kg可消化有機(jī)物攝入量顯著降低(P0.05),CH4g/kg可消化NDF攝入量?jī)山M之間差異不顯著(P0.05);5)與對(duì)照組相比,紅曲米組血液中高密度脂蛋白和低密度脂蛋白均極顯著降低(P0.01),另外紅曲米組低密度脂蛋白和甘油三酯水平顯著低于對(duì)照組(P0.05);6)紅曲米對(duì)瘤胃乙酸、丙酸、丁酸和氨氮濃度均無顯著影響;7)本次試驗(yàn)共獲得屬于古菌的序列數(shù)為75616�；谙嗨贫却笥�97%的原則,將獲得的有效序列進(jìn)行 OTUs(Operational Taxonomic Units)聚類,共獲得 23640TUs,已足夠覆蓋瘤胃古菌種群,shannon指數(shù)紅曲米組顯著高于對(duì)照組(P0.05),ChaoⅠ指數(shù)和observed_species指數(shù)雖然組間的差異不顯著(P0.05),但紅曲米組在數(shù)值上高于對(duì)照組;8)對(duì)照組廣古菌門的相對(duì)豐度達(dá)到95.80%,極顯著高于紅曲米組,而紅曲米組泉古菌門的相對(duì)豐度為19.44%,極顯著高于對(duì)照組。(P0.01);9)在綱、目、科、屬、種水平上,紅曲米組的甲烷桿菌綱、甲烷桿菌目、甲烷桿菌科和甲烷短桿菌屬的相對(duì)豐度均極顯著低于對(duì)照組(P0.01)。而紅曲米組屬于泉古菌門的菌群主要為未分類的熱變形菌綱(19.11%),極顯著高于對(duì)照組(P0.01)。試驗(yàn)結(jié)論:紅曲米具有抑制瘤胃甲烷短桿菌的作用,但并不能抑制所有的瘤胃古菌。日糧中添加紅曲米能顯著提高山羊?qū)θ占Z能量的利用效率,極顯著降低山羊瘤胃甲烷排放量,且對(duì)氮的利用效率和瘤胃發(fā)酵參數(shù)影響不顯著;因此紅曲米可以用于山羊瘤胃甲烷的減排。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this experiment was to study the effect of adding red koji rice to diet on methane emission, diversity of rumen archaea and feed utilization efficiency in goats. There were 23 days in each trial, including 14 days of pre-feeding, 6 days of metabolic test and 3 days of respiration calorimetry. The effects of red koji rice on feed utilization were evaluated by metabolic experiments. Methane emissions were measured in an open-circuit circulatory breathing chamber. Samples of goat rumen contents were taken at the end of each phase of the experiment. The total DNA of rumen microorganism was extracted by using the universal primer pairs (upstream primer A349F 5'-GYGCASCAGKCGM GAAW-3'and downstream primer A806R 5GGACTACVGTATGTATCTAAT-3). The total DNA was used as template. The 16srRNA V4-V5 region was amplified by PCR. The high throughput sequencing was carried out by using I11umina MiSeq 300PE sequencing platform. The results were statistically analyzed by bioinformatics software. The results showed that: 1) compared with CT group, RYR had high throughput. The digestibility of organic matter and crude protein decreased significantly (P 0.01), but the dry matter intake decreased by 3.4% and 7.3% than that of the control group. There was no significant difference in digestibility of dry matter, crude ash, crude fat, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and crude fiber between the two groups (P > 0.05). The digestible energy / total energy of the control group was significantly higher than that of the red koji rice group (P 0.01), the metabolic energy / total energy control group was significantly higher than that of the red koji rice group (P 0.05), but the net energy / total energy of the red koji rice group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P 0.01). Ch 4 g / kg dry matter intake of Ch 4 g / kg Ch 4 g / kg in red koji rice group was significantly lower than that in control group (P 0. 01 g / kg, P 0. 05 g / kg, P 0. 05 g / kg, P 0. 05 g / kg, P 0. 05%, P 0. 05%, P 0. 05%, P 0. 05%, P 0. 05%, P 0. 05%, P 0. 05%, P 0. 05%, P 0. 05%, P 0. 05%, P 0. 05%, P 0. 05%, P 0. 05%, P 0. 05%, P 0. 05%). High density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) in the blood of Monascus rice group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P 0.05). In addition, the low density lipoprotein and triglyceride levels in red koji rice group were significantly lower than those in control group (P 0.05). There was no significant effect of butyric acid and ammonia nitrogen concentration.) the number of sequences belonging to ancient bacteria was 75616. Based on the principle of similarity greater than 97%, the effective sequences were clustered by OTUs(Operational Taxonomic Unites. A total of 23640TUswas obtained, which was enough to cover the rumen paleomycetes group, the red koji rice group was significantly higher than the control group (P 0.05), the Chao 鈪，

本文編號(hào)：1657658