本文選題：青藏高原　切入點：反射率　出處：《生態(tài)學報》2017年15期 　論文類型：期刊論文

【摘要】：為揭示建植人工草地對青藏高原三江源區(qū)能量平衡的影響,利用渦度相關和微氣象系統(tǒng)的觀測數(shù)據(jù)定量分析了該區(qū)域人工草地能量收支及其各分量的變化特征。結果表明:太陽總輻射(R_s)和凈輻射(R_n)的日最高值分別為33.6和19.1 MJ m~(-2)d~(-1),年累計值分別為6789.4和2773.3 MJ/m~2;全年R_n與R_s的比值(R_n/R_s)為0.41,但生長季的R_n/R_s(0.54)明顯高于年均值;顯熱(H)與潛熱(LE)通量呈明顯的季節(jié)變化,H最低值出現(xiàn)在12月,之后隨R_s的增強而增加,但進入生長季后呈下降趨勢,7月中旬出現(xiàn)次低值;而LE在冬季維持較低值,3月以后迅速增加,最高值出現(xiàn)在生長旺季的7月。在能量分配上,可利用能量主要消耗于LE和H,年均LE/R_n,H/R_n,G/R_n分別為0.46,0.45和-0.13。但能量分配的季節(jié)變化差異明顯,波文比(β=H/LE)在冬季、春季、夏季和秋季的平均值分別為3.33、0.68、0.42和1.29。受植被葉面積指數(shù)(LAI)等生物因素以及土壤含水量(SWC)、飽和水汽壓差(VPD)等環(huán)境因素的共同影響,冠層導度(g_c)和解耦系數(shù)(Ω)的年最大值均出現(xiàn)在夏季,其平均值分別為16.22mm/s和0.70,表明在植被生長盛期LE仍受R_n的控制,其它季節(jié)Ω均值低于0.5,說明LE更多的是受VPD調(diào)控。本研究說明,雖然三江源區(qū)接收的太陽總輻射較強,但R_n/R_s相對較低,生態(tài)系統(tǒng)能量平衡中各分項的變化主要受植被、土壤含水量以及凈輻射的控制,在退化草地恢復過程中,由于建植人工草地增加了植被覆蓋度,進而改變了能量收支過程及能量平衡各分項。
[Abstract]:In order to reveal the effect of artificial grassland on energy balance in the source region of the three rivers in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, The variation characteristics of energy budget and its components of artificial grassland in the region were quantitatively analyzed by using vorticity correlation and micrometeorological system observation data. The results show that the daily maximum values of total solar radiation (Rss) and net radiation Rnn (Rn) are 33.6 and 33.6, respectively. The annual accumulative values were 6789.4 and 2773.3 MJ / m-1, respectively, and the ratio of Rn / Rs was 0.41 in the whole year, but the Rn / RsS 0.54 in the growing season was significantly higher than the annual average. The flux of sensible heat (H) and latent heat (LEL) showed obvious seasonal variation. The lowest value of H appeared in December, then increased with the increase of Rs, but decreased after entering the growing season, and the next low value appeared in the middle of July. But le maintained a low value in winter and increased rapidly after March. The highest value appeared in July of the growing season. In energy distribution, the available energy was mainly consumed in le and H.The average annual LER / RnS / R / R _ n was 0.46 / 0.45 and -0.13 respectively. However, the seasonal variation of energy distribution was obvious. The average values of 尾 -H / L ratio in winter, spring, summer and autumn were 3.33 ~ 0.68 ~ 0.42 and 1.29 respectively, which were influenced by biological factors such as vegetation leaf area index (Lai), soil water content (SWC), saturated vapor pressure difference (VPD) and so on. The annual maximum values of canopy conductance and decoupling coefficient (惟) appeared in summer, with the average values of 16.22mm/s and 0.70, respectively, indicating that le was still controlled by RC during the peak period of vegetation growth. The mean value of 惟 in other seasons is lower than 0.5, which indicates that le is more regulated by VPD. This study shows that although the total solar radiation received in the source region of the three rivers is stronger, the R_n/R_s is relatively low, and the changes in the energy balance of the ecosystem are mainly affected by vegetation. Under the control of soil water content and net radiation, the vegetation coverage was increased due to the establishment of artificial grassland, which changed the process of energy budget and energy balance.
【作者單位】： 南開大學生命科學學院;中國科學院西北高原生物研究所;
【基金】：國家自然科學基金項目(31570478)
【分類號】：S812

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