本文選題：奶牛信息　切入點：RFID　出處：《天津理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：奶牛產(chǎn)業(yè)是一種高效節(jié)約型畜牧業(yè),可有效地調(diào)整農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、促進農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟、增加農(nóng)民收入,奶牛業(yè)的產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈長,對經(jīng)濟的拉動作用大,已經(jīng)成為我國農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟的重要分支。近幾年,我國奶牛業(yè)雖然得到了飛速發(fā)展,但在奶牛的現(xiàn)代化管理上存在缺陷,技術(shù)不夠成熟,與發(fā)達國家相比還存在很大差距。因此,如何采用更加科學(xué)的牧場管理技術(shù),提高牛奶的質(zhì)量與產(chǎn)量,對推進我國奶牛養(yǎng)殖業(yè)的發(fā)展具有重要意義。奶牛的科學(xué)化管理需要面對個體差異,有針對性地進行飼養(yǎng)與監(jiān)控,如何獲取每頭奶牛的個體信息及其活動狀況,成為實現(xiàn)奶牛業(yè)高效現(xiàn)代化管理的先決條件。本文在查閱了大量相關(guān)文獻的基礎(chǔ)上,綜合射頻識別技術(shù)、無線通訊技術(shù)以及低功耗單片機技術(shù),設(shè)計了一套奶牛個體信息采集和活動量檢測系統(tǒng)。系統(tǒng)選用耳標式動物電子標識為每一頭奶牛建立個體信息,通過手持式耳標讀寫器快速、準確地讀取奶牛耳標內(nèi)的信息,奶牛的活動量由佩戴在奶牛腿部的運動傳感器采集獲得,并以無線傳輸?shù)姆绞綄⑿畔l(fā)送至主控機上,幫助飼養(yǎng)人員實時監(jiān)控奶牛的運動狀況,及時做出分析及應(yīng)對,實現(xiàn)科學(xué)化管理。本文首先介紹了射頻識別和活動量檢測技術(shù)的工作原理,以此為基礎(chǔ),設(shè)計了基于ARM-STM32的手持式讀寫器,選用S50無源電子標簽作為牛耳標,工作頻率為13.56MHz,可寫入、讀取奶牛相關(guān)信息且標簽?zāi)透g、不易損環(huán);其次使用加速度傳感器MMA7455采集奶牛運動步數(shù),通過低功耗無線數(shù)據(jù)傳輸芯片NRF24L01將數(shù)據(jù)傳輸至主控機并加以顯示,可實時、直觀地監(jiān)控奶牛運動狀況。系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計采用結(jié)構(gòu)化和模塊化的編程思想,編程語言為C語言,設(shè)計出系統(tǒng)的全部程序后,給出了幾部分重要模塊的系統(tǒng)流程。為了提高耳標識別的準確性,本文針對射頻識別系統(tǒng)中多標簽數(shù)據(jù)碰撞的問題,研究了防碰撞算法并對該算法進行了改進,提出位鎖定和動態(tài)分析相結(jié)合的改進方案,通過MATLAB對改進算法的性能指標進行仿真分析,結(jié)果表明:改進算法可提高耳標識別的工作效率,更好的解決多頭奶牛進入射頻區(qū)域后產(chǎn)生的數(shù)據(jù)碰撞問題。系統(tǒng)的硬件和軟件設(shè)計完成后,對其性能進行了測試,測試結(jié)果表明:在讀寫器有效范圍內(nèi)可快速、準確地識別耳標信息,活動量檢測系統(tǒng)可實時、有效地監(jiān)控奶牛運動狀況,為奶牛養(yǎng)殖場提供了重要的研究數(shù)據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Dairy industry is a kind of efficient and economical animal husbandry, which can effectively adjust the structure of agricultural industry, promote rural economy, increase farmers' income, have long industrial chain and play a great role in pulling the economy. It has become an important branch of agricultural economy in our country. Although the dairy industry of our country has been developed rapidly in recent years, there are some defects in the modern management of dairy cattle, the technology is not mature enough, and there is still a big gap compared with the developed countries. How to adopt more scientific pasture management technology to improve the quality and yield of milk is of great significance to promote the development of dairy cattle breeding industry in China. The scientific management of dairy cows needs to face individual differences and carry out raising and monitoring in a targeted way. How to obtain the individual information and the activity status of each cow becomes a prerequisite for realizing the efficient and modern management of dairy cattle industry. This paper, on the basis of consulting a large number of related documents, synthesizes the radio frequency identification technology. Wireless communication technology and low-power single-chip computer technology are used to design a set of individual information collection and activity measurement system for dairy cows. The system selects ear-labeled animal electronic marking to establish individual information for each cow. Through the hand-held earmark reader, the information in the cow's ear mark is read quickly and accurately. The activity of the cow is collected by the motion sensor worn on the cow's leg, and the information is transmitted to the main control machine by wireless transmission. This paper first introduces the working principle of radio frequency identification (RFID) and activity measurement technology, based on the analysis and response of dairy cattle, which can help the farmers to monitor the dairy cow's movement status in real time, and to realize scientific management in a timely manner. A hand-held reading and writing device based on ARM-STM32 is designed. The S50 passive electronic label is chosen as the ox ear label. The working frequency is 13.56 MHz, which can be written, read the relevant information of the cow, and the label is corrosion-resistant and not easy to damage the ring. Secondly, the acceleration sensor MMA7455 is used to collect the dairy cow's motion step, and the data is transmitted to the main control machine and displayed by the low power wireless data transmission chip NRF24L01, and it can be displayed in real time. The software design of the system adopts the thought of structured and modular programming, the programming language is C language, after designing all the programs of the system, In order to improve the accuracy of earmark recognition, the anti-collision algorithm of multi-label data in RFID system is studied and improved in this paper. An improved scheme combining bit locking and dynamic analysis is proposed. The performance index of the improved algorithm is simulated by MATLAB. The results show that the improved algorithm can improve the efficiency of ear mark recognition. After the hardware and software design of the system is completed, the performance of the system is tested. The test results show that: in the effective range of the reader, it can be quickly. The information of ear mark can be recognized accurately and the system can monitor the movement of dairy cattle in real time and provide important research data for dairy cattle farm.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S823;TP391.44

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