本文選題：奶牛胎衣不下　切入點：發(fā)病率　出處：《黑龍江八一農墾大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：胎衣不下（RFM）是奶牛重要的繁殖障礙性疾病之一，造成奶牛產(chǎn)業(yè)嚴重的經(jīng)濟損失。本研究在甘肅某牛場四分場和五分場展開，通過對RFM發(fā)病率流行病學調查、陰離子日糧對奶牛胎衣不下的防治效果和陰離子鹽對圍產(chǎn)期奶牛尿液pH、部分血清指標和生產(chǎn)性能的影響三個主要方面進行研究。 試驗在甘肅某牛場四分廠和五分場進行。四分廠共存欄1100頭奶牛，對614頭奶牛在2013年10月至2014年9月的分娩情況進行流行病學調查。分析不同因素對RFM發(fā)病率的影響。兩個牛場分別給妊娠母畜飼喂含有陰離子鹽的日糧和正常日糧。通過對飼料中主要陰陽離子的檢測，計算出DCAD值，并探究陰離子鹽對RFM發(fā)病率的影響。觀察飼喂陰離子鹽后奶牛尿液pH的變化。選取四分場、五分場各10頭奶牛在分娩前7天、5天、3天和分娩后1天頸靜脈采血，分離血清。對試驗奶牛血清中礦物質元素K、Na、Cl、Ca、P、Mg，GOT（谷草轉氨酶）、GPT（谷丙轉氨酶），PTH（甲狀旁腺激素）、1,25-(OH)2D3（1,25-二羥基維生素D3）進行檢測；統(tǒng)計分析添加陰離子鹽后對圍產(chǎn)期奶牛乳熱發(fā)病率、泌乳量的影響。 發(fā)病規(guī)律調查結果發(fā)現(xiàn)，季節(jié)對RFM發(fā)病率影響顯著，四季發(fā)病率從高到低，依次為：夏、冬、秋、春。隨著胎次的增加， RFM發(fā)病率呈顯著遞增趨勢。早產(chǎn)、流產(chǎn)、難產(chǎn)、子宮感染會提高RFM發(fā)病率。胎兒過輕或過重的發(fā)病率均高于正常體重范圍內的RFM發(fā)病率。胎兒性別不是RFM的主要影響因素。雙胎極顯著的增加了RFM的發(fā)病率。 奶牛四分場飼料DCAD為68.32meq/kgDM，為陰離子型飼料。五分場飼料DCAD為33.02meq/kgDM，為陽離子型飼料。四分場在日糧中添加陰離子鹽，顯著降低了RFM的發(fā)病率。 飼喂含有陰離子鹽飼料的母畜尿液pH值下降至6.81左右，呈弱酸性。血清檢測結果證實，試驗組血清中Ca含量顯著高于對照組，其他差異不顯著。血清中GOT、GPT含量變化差異不顯著。同時說明了陰離子鹽對于肝臟功能沒有損傷。試驗組與對照組相比，，血清中PTH含量顯著降低、1,25-(OH)2D3含量顯著升高。飼喂陰離子鹽，可有效減少乳熱的發(fā)生，顯著提高圍產(chǎn)期奶牛產(chǎn)后泌乳量。
[Abstract]:Fetal coat is one of the important reproductive disorders in dairy cattle, which results in serious economic loss in dairy industry. This study was carried out in four and five sub-fields of a cattle farm in Gansu Province, and an epidemiological investigation on the incidence of RFM was carried out. The control effect of anionic diet on fetal coat of dairy cows and the effect of anionic salts on urine pH, some serum indexes and production performance of perinatal cows were studied. The experiment was carried out in the fourth and fifth branches of a cattle farm in Gansu Province, where 1100 cows were stored in the fourth branch plant. An epidemiological survey was carried out on 614 dairy cows during the period from October 2013 to September 2014. The effects of different factors on the incidence of RFM were analyzed. Grain. Through the detection of the main anions and anions in feed, The DCAD value was calculated, and the effect of anionic salt on the incidence of RFM was investigated. The urine pH of cows fed with anionic salt was observed. The blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of 10 cows on the 7th day before delivery and the jugular vein at 1 day after delivery. Separation of serum. Determination of mineral element K _ (Na) NaClCl _ (C) (P _ (+)) (GPTT) in serum of experimental dairy cattle, statistical analysis of the incidence of peripartum milk heat after adding anionic salt to dairy cow milk, and analysis of parathyroid hormone (parathyroid hormone) (parathyroid hormone) (parathyroid hormone (PTH) _ (25-OH) ~ (2) D _ (3)), after adding anionic salt to milk of dairy cattle, the incidence of fever in perinatal milk was analyzed. The effect of lactation. The results of investigation showed that the incidence of RFM was significantly affected by seasons, and the incidence rate in four seasons was from high to low, followed by summer, winter, autumn and spring. With the increase of birth order, the incidence of RFM increased significantly. Uterine infection can increase the incidence of RFM. The incidence of fetal light or overweight is higher than that of normal body weight. Fetal sex is not the main influencing factor of RFM. Twin pregnancy significantly increases the incidence of RFM. The fourth field feed DCAD was 68.32 meq / kg DMand, and the fifth field feed DCAD was 33.02 meq / kg DMM, which was cationic feed. The incidence of RFM was significantly reduced by adding anionic salt to the diet. The urine pH value of female animals fed with anionic salt feed decreased to about 6.81, which was weakly acidic. The serum level of Ca in the test group was significantly higher than that in the control group. Other differences were not significant. There was no significant difference in the content of GPT in serum. The results showed that the anion salt had no damage to liver function. Compared with the control group, the content of PTH in the serum of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group, and the content of PTH in serum was significantly higher than that in the control group. It can effectively reduce the occurrence of milk fever and significantly increase the amount of postpartum lactation in perinatal cows.
【學位授予單位】：黑龍江八一農墾大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S858.23

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