本文選題：系統(tǒng)發(fā)育多樣性-面積關(guān)系　切入點：物種-面積關(guān)系　出處：《蘭州大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近年來,隨著分子生物技術(shù)的發(fā)展,系統(tǒng)發(fā)育生物學(xué)和群落生態(tài)學(xué)逐漸融合形成一個新的研究領(lǐng)域一系統(tǒng)發(fā)育群落生態(tài)學(xué)。群落系統(tǒng)發(fā)育多樣性(phylogenetic diversity, PD),是一種考慮了分類群之間的系統(tǒng)發(fā)育關(guān)系(進(jìn)化歷史)的生物多樣性測量指標(biāo)。越來越多的研究利用群落系統(tǒng)發(fā)育多樣性來研究群落的構(gòu)建機(jī)制、以及和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的功能和穩(wěn)定性之間的關(guān)系。然而迄今為止很少有研究來檢驗自然群落中系統(tǒng)發(fā)育多樣性的空間變異。實際上,系統(tǒng)發(fā)育多樣性一面積關(guān)系(PDAR)與物種-面積關(guān)系(SAR)類似,描述的是局域群落的系統(tǒng)發(fā)育多樣性隨取樣面積增加而變化的規(guī)律。系統(tǒng)發(fā)育多樣性-面積關(guān)系與物種一面積關(guān)系結(jié)合,可以為群落構(gòu)建機(jī)制提供更加全面的信息。本文以青藏高原亞高寒草甸兩種不同生境下(自然和放牧)植物群落中物種的空間分布信息為研究對象,采用空間點過程模型模擬不同生態(tài)學(xué)過程下的群落的SARs和PDARs,揭示青藏高原亞高寒草甸植物群落的構(gòu)建機(jī)制。我們使用三個空間點過程模型即同質(zhì)泊松分布,異質(zhì)泊松分布和同質(zhì)Thomas分布分別表示三個生態(tài)學(xué)過程：隨機(jī)過程、生境過濾、擴(kuò)散限制。通過模型擬合和模擬,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)擴(kuò)散限制假說能夠很好地解釋觀測到的SARs和PDARs,因此我們推斷擴(kuò)散限制可能是形成青藏高原亞高寒草甸植物群落物種多樣性和群落系統(tǒng)發(fā)育結(jié)構(gòu)的主要過程。最后通過檢驗物種垂穗披堿草的空間分布我們發(fā)現(xiàn)它在空間上呈聚集分布,同時同質(zhì)Thomas分布能夠很好的擬合其空間分布格局,也驗證了擴(kuò)散限制假說在種群水平上能夠很好地解釋物種分布格局。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the development of molecular biology, developmental biology and community ecology system gradually formed by the fusion of community ecology and development of a new field of research system. The diversity of the community development system (phylogenetic, diversity, PD) is a consideration of the system classification between phylogenetic (evolutionary history) biodiversity the measurement index. More and more research to study the construction of community development diversity mechanism with community system, and the relationships between function and stability of ecosystem. However, so far there have been few studies to examine the spatial variability of phylogenetic diversity of natural communities in the area. In fact, a diversity of phylogenetic relationship (PDAR) and the species area (SAR), describes the system development of local community diversity with the sampling area increases with the variation of system development. The diversity of surface The relationship between product and species area relationship with, can provide more comprehensive information for the community construction mechanism. A sub alpine meadow of the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau in two different habitats (natural and grazing) spatial distribution of species in plant communities as the research object, using the spatial point process model to simulate different ecological processes under the community SARs and PDARs, reveal the mechanism of plant communities in alpine meadow of Qinghai Tibetan Plateau. We use three spatial point process model is homogeneous Poisson distribution, heterogeneous Poisson distribution and homogeneous Thomas distribution represent three ecology stochastic processes, habitat filtering, diffusion limitations. Through the model fitting and simulation, we find that the diffusion limitation hypothesis can a good explanation of the observed SARs and PDARs, so we concluded that the diffusion limitation may be the formation of the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau sub alpine meadow plant community species diversity The main process of structure development and community system. We found it are gathered in space distribution space finally by examining the species of Elymus nutans, and homogeneous Thomas distribution to the spatial distribution pattern of good fitting, also verified the diffusion limitation hypothesis in population level can well explain the species distribution pattern.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S812

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本文編號：1626935