本文選題：黃曲霉毒素　切入點：吸附劑　出處：《東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：本研究選擇以黃曲霉毒素為主的自然霉變棉粕(黃曲霉毒素含量為1337.21μg·kg-1)作為試驗中黃曲霉毒素來源,考察黃曲霉毒素對櫻桃谷肉鴨生長發(fā)育規(guī)律、生產(chǎn)性能、免疫功能、肝臟功能及肝臟組織病變的影響;評價并比較蒙脫石和酵母細胞壁吸附劑對黃曲霉毒素毒性效應的緩解作用。選用1日齡健康肉公鴨360只,隨機分為4個組,T1組飼喂基礎飼糧,T2組用霉變棉粕替代正常棉粕,棉粕添加比例均為8%,T3和T4組分別在霉變飼糧中添加2.0 g·kg-1的蒙脫石或酵母細胞壁吸附劑。每組6個重復,每個重復15只試驗鴨。試驗期為35天,分為1~14天(前期)和15~35天(后期)兩個階段。試驗期間考察每周生產(chǎn)性能:平均體重、平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比以及前后期屠宰性能;免疫性能指標:脾臟、胸腺和法氏囊相對器官重,血清免疫球蛋白A、G、M含量;肝臟功能指標:血清總蛋白、白蛋白含量,谷丙轉氨酶、谷草轉氨酶和堿性磷酸酶活性,肝臟指數(shù)以及肝臟病理分析。結果表明:(1)研究黃曲霉毒素對櫻桃谷肉鴨生長及骨骼肌發(fā)育規(guī)律的影響發(fā)現(xiàn),用Gompertz模型能夠較好地擬合櫻桃谷肉鴨的生長曲線和骨骼肌的生長發(fā)育規(guī)律,R2≥0.97。黃曲霉毒素能夠造成肉鴨生長體重降低,拐點日齡延后,拐點體重和最大日增重降低;胸肌和骨骼肌生長重量降低,拐點重量和最大日增重降低。曲線回歸異速方程擬合結果來看,胸肌與活重以多項式回歸和冪回歸最好,R2=0.99;腿肌與活重以線性回歸、多項式回歸和冪回歸最好,R2=0.99。F檢驗均達到極顯著水平(P0.01)。(2)霉變棉粕顯著降低肉鴨各日齡階段平均體重、平均日增重和平均日采食量(P0.05),顯著提高除7-14日齡的各階段料重比(P0.05)。霉變?nèi)占Z中添加吸附劑顯著提高各日齡階段體重(P0.05),顯著提高除第22-28日齡以外的各階段的平均日增重和平均日采食量(P0.05),顯著降低15-21、29-35、15-35日齡料重比(P0.05)。與酵母細胞壁相比,蒙脫石吸附劑顯著提高第14日齡體重(P0.05),顯著提高肉鴨8-14和1-14日齡體增重(P0.05),顯著提高肉鴨8-14、22-28、1-14、15-35日齡采食量(P0.05),顯著降低肉鴨22-28和15-35日齡料重比(P0.05)。(3)霉變棉粕顯著提高肉鴨除28日齡脾臟指數(shù)(P0.05),顯著提高各日齡胸腺和法氏囊指數(shù)(P0.05),顯著提高第14、21、28日齡血清Ig A含量(P0.05),顯著降低各日齡階段血清Ig G和Ig M含量(P0.05)。吸附劑顯著降低7、21、35日齡脾臟指數(shù)以及各日齡階段胸腺和法氏囊指數(shù)(P0.05),顯著降低14和28日齡血清Ig A含量(P0.05),顯著提高各日齡階段血清Ig G和Ig M含量(P0.05)。與酵母細胞壁相比,蒙脫石吸附劑顯著降低14、21和35日齡脾臟指數(shù)(P0.05),顯著降低7、28和35日齡胸腺指數(shù)以及各日齡階段法氏囊指數(shù)(P0.05),顯著降低28日齡血清Ig A含量(P0.05),顯著提高各日齡階段血清中Ig G和Ig M含量(P0.05)。(4)霉變棉粕顯著降低試驗肉鴨各日齡階段血清中TP和ALB濃度(P0.05),顯著降低14、21和28日齡血清ALP活性(P0.05),顯著提高各日齡的ALT活性和第7、14、28日齡血清AST活性以及各日齡肝臟器官相對指數(shù)(P0.05),肝臟組織出現(xiàn)明顯的病理變化。吸附劑顯著提高第7、14、21、35日齡血清TP和第14、21、35日齡血清ALB含量(P0.05),顯著提高14和28日齡ALP活性(P0.05),顯著降低各日齡肉鴨ALT活性、肝臟器官相對指數(shù)以及第7、14、28日齡血清AST活性(P0.05)。與酵母細胞壁相比,蒙脫石吸附劑顯著提高肉鴨第7、14和35日齡血清TP含量以及第14和35日齡血清ALB含量(P0.05),顯著提高第14和28日齡血清ALP活性(P0.05),顯著降低各日齡階段血清ALT活性以及第7、14、28日齡血清AST活性(P0.05),顯著降低第14、21和28日齡肝臟器官相對指數(shù)(P0.05)。綜合以上試驗結果表明:櫻桃谷試驗肉鴨采食黃曲霉毒素污染的日糧后,生產(chǎn)性能受到嚴重影響,出現(xiàn)體重降低、平均日增重、平均日采食量下降以及料重比升高,而且免疫功能、肝臟功能受到較大損傷。吸附劑能夠部分消除黃曲霉毒素對肉鴨造成的毒性效應,可顯著提高肉鴨生產(chǎn)性能,改善黃曲霉毒素對肉鴨免疫功能及肝臟的毒性。與酵母細胞壁相比,蒙脫石吸附劑緩解黃曲霉毒素毒性的效果更好。
[Abstract]:This study chooses aflatoxin based natural moldy meal (aflatoxin content of 1337.21 G - kg-1) as a source of aflatoxin test, effects of aflatoxin on the ducks growth rule, production performance, immune function, liver function and effect of liver tissue lesions; evaluate and compare the montmorillonite and yeast cell wall adsorption effect to relieve the effect of aflatoxin toxicity agent. At the age of 1 day were 360 healthy meat ducks, were randomly divided into 4 groups, T1 group was fed a basal diet, group T2 with normal mildew of cottonseed meal, cotton meal proportion was 8%, T3 and T4 respectively in moldy diets add 2 g kg-1 montmorillonite or yeast cell wall adsorption agent. Each group had 6 replicates and 15 birds per replicate test duck. The experiment period was 35 days, divided into 1~14 days (early) and 15~35 (two days later) stages. During the study of weekly production test Can the average weight, average daily gain, average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio and the period before and after the slaughter performance; immune performance index: spleen, thymus and bursa of relative organ weight, serum immunoglobulin A, G, M content; liver function index: serum total protein, albumin content, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activity, liver index and pathological analysis. The results showed that: (1) found that the effect of aflatoxin on growth and development of Cherry Valley Duck skeletal muscle, can better fit the growth rule of Sakura Momodani duck growth curve and skeletal muscle by Gompertz model, R2 = 0.97. of Aspergillus flavus the toxin can cause the growth of duck weight decreased, the inflection age delayed, and the maximum gain inflection point weight reduction; pectoral muscle and skeletal muscle growth and reduce weight, inflection point weight and maximum daily weight gain was reduced. The allometric regression curve equation The fitting results, chest and live weight in polynomial regression and power regression best, R2=0.99; leg muscle and live weight by linear regression, exponential regression and polynomial regression, R2=0.99.F test was significant (P0.01). (2) significantly reduced the mildew each day old duck meal period average weight, average daily gain and the average daily feed intake (P0.05), significantly increased in addition to the stage of 7-14 days old material weight ratio (P0.05). Add moldy diets adsorption agent can significantly improve all ages (P0.05), body weight increased significantly in each stage except the 22-28 days average daily gain and average daily feed intake (P0.05), significantly decreased 15-21,29-35,15-35 days feed weight ratio (P0.05). Compared with the yeast cell wall, montmorillonite adsorbent significantly increased body weight at fourteenth days (P0.05), significantly increased 8-14 ducks and 1-14 days of age, body weight gain (P0.05), significantly improve the duck 8-14,22-28,1-14,15-35 days. 椋熼噺(P0.05),鏄捐憲闄嶄綆鑲夐腑22-28鍜，

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