發(fā)布時間：2018-03-15 12:12

  本文選題：巨大芽孢桿菌　切入點(diǎn)：安全性評價　出處：《揚(yáng)州大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：1、通過在日糧中添加推薦劑量的5倍及10倍巨大芽孢桿菌制劑對泌乳奶牛生產(chǎn)性能、瘤胃發(fā)酵、血液生化指標(biāo)的影響,對巨大芽孢桿菌制劑在泌乳奶牛應(yīng)用上的研究進(jìn)行安全性進(jìn)行評價。選擇24頭胎次、泌乳天數(shù)、產(chǎn)奶量相近的健康荷斯坦奶牛,采用完全隨機(jī)區(qū)組設(shè)計,隨機(jī)分為4組,每組6頭。分別在日糧中添加0 g/d·頭、10 g/d·頭(推薦劑量)、50g/d·頭(5倍)和100g/d·頭(10倍)的巨大芽孢桿菌制劑,預(yù)試期14d,正試期63d。結(jié)果表明:在日糧中添加50 g/d·頭(5倍)和100 g/d·頭(10倍)的巨大芽孢桿菌制劑對泌乳奶牛生產(chǎn)性能、瘤胃發(fā)酵以及血液生化指標(biāo)等方面無不良影響。2、研究巨大芽孢桿菌制劑不同添加水平對山羊瘤胃細(xì)菌群落的影響。試驗選用7頭體況良好,體重相近(24±2.37kg)并安裝有永久性瘤胃瘺管的山羊。采用自體對照設(shè)計,共分四期進(jìn)行,第一期僅飼喂基礎(chǔ)日糧;第二期在日糧中添加0.2 g/d·頭巨大芽孢桿菌制劑;第三期在日糧中添加0.4g/d·頭巨大芽孢桿菌制劑;第四期在日糧中添加0.8 g/d·頭巨大芽孢桿菌制劑。采樣期采集瘤胃液,提取總DNA,利用HiSeq2500測序平臺對細(xì)菌16S V4區(qū)進(jìn)行測序分析。結(jié)果表明:(1)0.4 g/d組物種豐富度指數(shù)Chao 1和Ace均顯著高于對照組(P0.05);物種多樣性指數(shù)Simpson和Shannon各處理組之間無顯著差異(P0.05)。(2)山羊瘤胃中擬桿菌門(Bacteroidetes)、厚壁菌門(Firmicutes)、廣古菌門(Euryarchaeota)、綠彎菌門(Chloroflexi)以及變形菌門(Proteobacteria)的相對豐度占94%以上,為瘤胃中優(yōu)勢菌門;(3)0.8 g/d組普雷沃氏菌屬(Prevotella)、理研菌屬(Rikenellaceae)相對比例均顯著高于對照組(P0.05),甲烷短桿菌屬(Methanobrevibacter)相對比例顯著低于對照組(P0.05)。0.2 g/d組鼠孢菌屬(Succiniclasticum)相對比例顯著高于對照組(P0.05)。3、研究巨大芽孢桿菌制劑不同添加水平對山羊瘤胃主要纖維、蛋白質(zhì)降解細(xì)菌,腸道主要有益和有害細(xì)菌的影響。采樣期采集山羊瘤胃液和糞便新鮮樣,提取總DNA,利用qPCR進(jìn)行相對定量。結(jié)果表明:(1)0.4g/d組巨大芽孢桿菌、黃色瘤胃球菌、白色瘤胃球菌相對表達(dá)量顯著高于對照組(P0.05);0.8 g/d組黃色瘤胃球菌、溶纖維丁酸弧菌相對表達(dá)量顯著高于對照組;對照組棲瘤胃普雷沃氏菌相對表達(dá)量顯著低于其他各組(P0.05)。(2)0.2 g/d組乳酸桿菌、擬桿菌相對表達(dá)量顯著高于對照組(P0.05),腸球菌相對表達(dá)量顯著低于其他各組(P0.05);對照組沙門氏菌相對表達(dá)量顯著低于其他各組。結(jié)論:在泌乳奶牛日糧中添加50 g/d·頭、100 g/d·頭巨大芽孢桿菌制劑對奶牛安全性無不良影響。添加l0g/d·頭巨大芽孢桿菌制劑時能夠提高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)乳產(chǎn)量。在山羊日糧中添加0.4 g/d·頭巨大芽孢桿菌制劑可以提高瘤胃細(xì)菌的豐富度。在山羊日糧中添加巨大芽孢桿菌制劑可以促進(jìn)瘤胃中纖維分解菌黃色瘤胃球菌、白色瘤胃球菌;以及蛋白分解菌溶纖維丁酸弧菌、嗜淀粉瘤胃桿菌、棲瘤胃普雷沃氏菌的生長繁殖;以及促進(jìn)山羊腸道中有益微生物乳酸桿菌、擬桿菌生長繁殖,抑制有害微生物腸球菌、沙門氏菌的生長繁殖。
[Abstract]:1, by adding 5 times the recommended dose of Rumen in the diet and 10 times of Bacillus Preparation on production performance of lactating dairy cows, fermentation, influence blood biochemical index, safety of Bacillus megaterium preparation application in lactating dairy cows was evaluated. On 24 first parity, lactation, milk yield similar to healthy Holstein cows, using randomized complete block design, were randomly divided into 4 groups, 6 pigs in each group. 0 g/d head were added in the diets of 10 g/d (recommended dose), head 50g/d head (5 times) and 100g/d (10 times) - head of huge bacillus preparation pre trial period, 14d test period 63d. results showed that the addition of 50 g/d per head in the diet (5 times) and 100 g/d (10 times) the head of Bacillus megaterium preparation on production performance of lactating dairy cows, rumen fermentation and blood biochemical indexes and no adverse effects of.2 on Bacillus Preparation different adding water The impact on the community of goat rumen bacteria. Experiment 7 head body in good condition, with similar body weight (24 + 2.37kg) and fitted with permanent rumen fistulated goats. Using auto control design, is divided into four phases, the first phase only fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.2 g; second /d, head of Bacillus megaterium preparation in diets; third add 0.4g/d - head of Bacillus megaterium preparation in diets; fourth with 0.8 g/d - head of Bacillus megaterium preparation in the diet. The sampling period collecting rumen fluid, the extraction of total DNA by HiSeq2500 sequencing analysis platform for sequencing of bacterial 16S V4 region. The results showed that: (1) 0.4 g/d species richness index of Chao 1 and Ace were significantly higher than control group (P0.05); there was no significant difference between the species diversity index of Simpson and Shannon in each treatment group (P0.05). (2) the Bacteroidetes in rumen (Bacteroidetes), Firmicutes (Firmicutes), Guangzhou Archaea gate (Euryarchaeota), Chloroflexi (Chloroflexi) and Proteobacteria (Proteobacteria) relative abundance accounted for more than 94%, as the dominant bacteria in the rumen; (3) 0.8 g/d group (Prevotella), the Poulet Was genus RIKEN sp. (Rikenellaceae) ratio were significantly higher than control group (P0.05 Brevibacterium), methane (Methanobrevibacter) ratio was significantly lower than the control group (P0.05).0.2 g/d group sp. (Succiniclasticum) ratio was significantly higher than the control group (.3, P0.05) of Bacillus megaterium preparations with different addition levels on the rumen main fiber, protein degradation bacteria, effects of intestinal beneficial and harmful bacteria. Sampling of gastric juice and goat feces collection period of fresh tumor samples, extracted the total DNA, relative quantification by qPCR. The results showed that: (1) 0.4g/d group of Bacillus megaterium, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, r.albus relative expression level significantly Higher than that of the control group (P0.05 group); 0.8 g/d yellow Ruminococcus, b.fibrisolvens relative expression was significantly higher than the control group; the control group in rumen Prevost's bacteria relative expression was significantly lower than the other groups (P0.05). (2) 0.2 g/d group, Lactobacillus, Bacteroides relative expression was significantly higher than that of control group (P0.05), the relative expression of Enterococcus was significantly lower than other groups (P0.05); the control group Salmonella expression was significantly lower than that of the other groups. Conclusion: the addition of 50 g/d in lactating dairy cow diets, 100 g/d - head of Bacillus megaterium preparation on dairy safety without adverse effects. Add l0g/d huge head bacillus preparation can improve the standard milk yield. Adding 0.4 g/d head of Bacillus megaterium preparation can improve the richness of rumen bacteria in goat diets. Add bacillus preparation in goat diets can promote the rumen fiber Decomposing bacterium Ruminococcus flavefaciens, r.albus; and protein decomposing bacteria b.fibrisolvens, ruminobacter amylophilus, Prevost's habitat rumen bacteria; and promote goat intestinal beneficial microorganism in Lactobacillus, Bacteroides growth inhibition, Enterococcus harmful bacterium, Salmonella growth and reproduction.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：揚(yáng)州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S823.5;S827.5

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