本文選題：流行病學(xué)調(diào)查　切入點(diǎn)：蠕蟲感染　出處：《中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：家畜蠕蟲病是危害畜牧業(yè)的一類重要疾病,包括吸蟲病、絳蟲病、線蟲病和棘頭蟲病。其中一些病原為人畜共患病原,具有重要公共衛(wèi)生意義。我國南方氣候溫濕、草山草坡面積廣,其上牧草豐富,適宜發(fā)展畜牧業(yè)。然而我國南方草山草坡放牧牛羊蠕蟲病的防治依然較為薄弱,其病原種類、流行狀況、感染和傳播特點(diǎn)等均不十分清楚。為摸清我國南方草山草坡放牧羊蠕蟲病流行狀況、感染季節(jié)特點(diǎn),為畜主和當(dāng)?shù)匦竽辆种贫ǹ茖W(xué)合理的防控對(duì)策提供依據(jù),我們于2013年5月到2014年5月,在湖北省公安縣黃山頭鎮(zhèn)設(shè)點(diǎn),每隔2-3個(gè)月用飽和鹽水漂浮法、貝爾曼法和蟲卵沉淀法對(duì)200只放牧山羊蠕蟲病開展流行病學(xué)調(diào)查,同時(shí)還開展了安徽省望江縣草山草坡放牧牛的吸蟲感染情況和季節(jié)變化調(diào)查以及蟲種的分子鑒定。一、線蟲感染情況及季節(jié)變化全年6次共1200份糞樣檢測,當(dāng)?shù)胤拍辽窖蚋腥镜木�蟲有捻轉(zhuǎn)血矛線蟲、夏伯特線蟲、仰口線蟲、食道口線蟲、毛圓線蟲、奧斯特線蟲、鞭蟲、細(xì)頸線蟲、肺線蟲,陽性率分別為57.7%、46.7%、6%、15%、1.5%、1.2%、7.4%、0.3%和10.6%。捻轉(zhuǎn)血矛線蟲和夏伯特線蟲陽性率顯著高于其他蟲種(P0.05),是優(yōu)勢蟲種。消化道線蟲特別是優(yōu)勢線蟲捻轉(zhuǎn)血矛線蟲和夏伯特線蟲在全年均可感染且較高的感染率和每克糞便產(chǎn)卵數(shù),肺線蟲僅在5月發(fā)現(xiàn)。優(yōu)勢蟲種陽性率在不同年齡、性別之間沒有顯著差異。二、吸蟲感染情況及季節(jié)變化糞便蟲卵檢查顯示湖北草山草坡放牧羊和安徽望江草山草坡放牧牛感染的吸蟲僅有片形吸蟲,全年均有感染。湖北放牧羊的陽性率在3.5%至37%之間,平均每克感染蟲卵數(shù)(EPG)在29至166之間,均呈逐漸下降趨勢。羊片形吸蟲陽性率與羊月齡、性別、放牧地有一定關(guān)系。陽性率有隨月齡增加而增加、雌性羊高于雄性羊、低矮潮濕放牧羊高于地勢較高的放牧羊等趨勢。安徽望江草山草坡放牧牛陽性率在11.33%至42.76%之間,EPG在34至177之間。6月到10月的陽性率和EPG均高于12月到3月。黃牛片形吸蟲陽性率和每克糞便產(chǎn)卵數(shù)與水牛有顯著性差異(P0.05)。對(duì)來源于安徽望江的39條片形吸蟲成蟲的ITS-1和ITS-2區(qū)域測序,結(jié)果顯示安徽省存在大片吸蟲和肝片吸蟲,且大片吸蟲主要感染水牛。我們的調(diào)查資料還顯示通過每年4月和8-9月的群體驅(qū)蟲可以顯著降低家畜片型吸蟲的感染率。三、絳蟲病感染情況及季節(jié)變化糞便蟲卵檢測和剖檢結(jié)果顯示當(dāng)?shù)厣窖騼H感染莫尼茨絳蟲。6次調(diào)查中陽性率分別為5%、14.5%、6%、0%、3.5%、6.5%,EPG分別為1365、1365.5、141.7、0、1771.4、869.2。結(jié)論:本文調(diào)查結(jié)果對(duì)湖北省草山草坡放牧山羊蠕蟲感染狀況以及感染季節(jié)變化有了總體把握,明確了該類地區(qū)放牧山羊感染的優(yōu)勢蟲種。同時(shí),片型吸蟲在湖北山羊的感染、大片吸蟲在安徽牛的感染均為首次報(bào)道。調(diào)查結(jié)果為該地區(qū)山羊蠕蟲病的防治工作提供了基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:Animal helminthiasis is an important disease that endangers animal husbandry, including trematosis, tapeworm, nematode and echinococcosis. Some of the pathogens are zoonosis, which is of great public health significance. Caoshan has a wide range of grassy slopes, which is rich in forage and suitable for the development of animal husbandry. However, the prevention and control of cattle and sheep helminthiasis in grass slope grazing in southern China is still relatively weak, and its pathogenic species and epidemic status are still relatively weak. The characteristics of infection and transmission are not very clear. It can provide scientific and reasonable prevention and control measures for livestock owners and local animal husbandry bureau, in order to find out the epidemic situation of herding sheep worm disease and the characteristics of infection season in grass slope in the south of China. From May 2013 to May 2014, we set up a site in Huangshantou Town, Gongan County, Hubei Province, and conducted an epidemiological investigation on 200 herding goats with helminthiasis by saturated brine floating method, Belman method and egg sedimentation method every 2-3 months. At the same time, the investigation of fluke infection, seasonal variation and molecular identification of worm species of grazing cattle on grass slope of Caoshan, Wangjiang County, Anhui Province were carried out. First, 1 200 fecal samples of nematode infection and seasonal variation were detected 6 times a year. Among the nematodes infected by local grazing goats are Hematodes, Charbert nematode, Yangon nematode, esophagus nematode, Caterpillar nematode, Oster nematode, Trichuris, Cervical, Pulmonary nematode, The positive rates were 57.7%, 46.7% and 1.5%, respectively, and 1.2% and 10.6%, respectively. The positive rates of blood nematode and Charbert nematode were significantly higher than those of other species (P0.05, respectively). The digestive tract nematode, especially the dominant nematode and Charbert nematode, could be infected throughout the year. And higher infection rates and spawning per gram of feces, Lung nematode was only found in May. There was no significant difference in positive rate of dominant species between sexes at different ages. The infection status and seasonal variation of fluke eggs in feces showed that the clonorchiasis infected by herding sheep on grass slope of grass hill in Hubei province and cattle on grass slope of Wangjiang Mountain in Anhui Province were only infected by clonorchiasis, and the positive rate of grazing sheep in Hubei was between 3.5% and 37%, and the positive rate of sheep in Hubei was between 3.5% and 37%. The average number of infected eggs per gram was between 29 and 166, which showed a decreasing trend. The positive rate of Sheep clonorchiasis was related to the age, sex and grazing land of sheep. The positive rate increased with the increase of age, and the positive rate of female sheep was higher than that of male sheep. The positive rate of grazing cattle in the grassy slope of Wangjiang, Anhui Province was between 11.33% and 42.76%. The positive rate and EPG of cattle from June to October were higher than those of cattle from December to December. The positive rate of paragonimiasis and the number of spawning per gram feces were significantly different from that of buffalo (P0.05). The ITS-1 and ITS-2 regions of 39 adult paragonimiasis from Wangjiang, Anhui Province were sequenced. The results showed that there were large trachea and clonorchiasis in Anhui province, and the major infected buffalo. Our investigation data also showed that the infection rate of flaky trematodes in domestic animals could be significantly reduced by the population repellent in April and August to September of each year. Infection of Taenia solium and seasonal changes the results of fecal egg detection and dissection showed that the positive rate of local goats infected only with Moniella tapeworm 6 times was 50.14.50.The positive rate of EPG was 1365% 1365.50.141.71.4869.2.Conclusion: the results of this investigation were on grass slope of Caoshan Mountain, Hubei Province, and the positive rate of EPG was 1.365U 1365.5N 141.71.4869.2.Conclusion: the results of this investigation are as follows:. The worm infection status and seasonal variation of herding goats were generally understood. The dominant species of herding goat infection in this area were identified. At the same time, the infection of paragonimiasis in Hubei goats and the infection of large fluke in Anhui cattle were all reported for the first time. The results provided a basis for the prevention and control of goat helminthiasis in this area.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S855.9

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