本文選題：太行山獼猴(Macaca　切入點(diǎn)：mulatta　出處：《鄭州大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：獼猴(Macaca mulatta)是世界上分布最廣泛的非人靈長類動(dòng)物之一,由于其適應(yīng)能力強(qiáng),生理上與人相近,常被用于醫(yī)學(xué)、心理學(xué)、生理學(xué)等多學(xué)科的研究。太行山獼猴(Macaca mulatta tcheliensis)是我國特有的獼猴亞種,目前僅分布于河南省與山西省交界處的太行山及中條山南端地區(qū),是自然分布最北的獼猴種群。太行山獼猴在生理、形態(tài)、代謝、遺傳和生態(tài)等方面有著明顯的特點(diǎn),具有獨(dú)特的遺傳多樣性。目前,太行山獼猴主要活動(dòng)在河南省濟(jì)源市境內(nèi)。近年來,動(dòng)物疫病的頻發(fā)給人類帶來了巨大影響。隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展,國內(nèi)以非人靈長類動(dòng)物為觀賞對(duì)象的生態(tài)旅游活動(dòng)已得到迅速發(fā)展,通過觀察發(fā)現(xiàn),人類與非人靈長類動(dòng)物的接觸次數(shù)越來越多。長此以往,生態(tài)旅游帶來了很多問題,對(duì)非人靈長類動(dòng)物產(chǎn)生了很大的影響,例如行為改變、傷殘率升高、患病率增加等。而一旦傳染病在群體內(nèi)傳播開來,將會(huì)對(duì)整個(gè)種群產(chǎn)生很大的影響,甚至?xí)拐麄�(gè)物種滅絕。為了解太行山獼猴病原體的流行病學(xué)情況、傳播途徑及危害程度,于2015年9月至2016年11月,對(duì)濟(jì)源市五龍口風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)的野生太行山獼猴進(jìn)行采樣調(diào)查。通過對(duì)其種群內(nèi)主要病原體的種類、感染率、相關(guān)病原體的生物學(xué)特性及進(jìn)化關(guān)系等方面的研究,為太行山獼猴的物種保護(hù)和人猴共患病的防控策略提供技術(shù)支持和理論依據(jù)。本論文的主要研究內(nèi)容和結(jié)果如下:1)太行山獼猴主要病原體流行病學(xué)調(diào)查于2015年9月至2016年11月,在濟(jì)源市五龍口景區(qū),采集了新鮮獼猴糞樣458份,對(duì)其進(jìn)行病毒、致病菌和寄生蟲等病原體檢測。結(jié)果顯示,檢測到的病原體種類為:細(xì)小病毒、沙門氏菌、志賀氏菌、蜂房哈夫尼亞菌、大腸埃希氏菌、肺炎克雷伯氏菌、耶爾森氏菌、空腸彎曲桿菌、金黃色葡萄球菌、鉤端螺旋體、肺炎鏈球菌、阿米巴原蟲、鞭蟲、等孢球蟲、泡翼線蟲、蟯蟲、糞類圓線蟲、鉤蟲、結(jié)腸小袋纖毛蟲、毛細(xì)線蟲、猴食道口線蟲、毛圓線蟲,感染率分別為:8.30%、13.32%、31.66%、1.75%、29.91%、28.38%、6.77%、18.34%、11.57%、26.64%、8.30%、89.96%、93.23%、28.38%、15.07%、1.75%、73.36%、3.28%、70.09%、8.30%、31.66%、6.77%。2)猴源阿米巴原蟲種類及其種系發(fā)育研究利用PCR鑒定方法,對(duì)太行山獼猴感染的阿米巴原蟲進(jìn)行種類鑒定,結(jié)果表明,獼猴攜帶E.dispar、E.hartmanni、E.coli和E.chattoni 4種阿米巴原蟲且感染率分別為58.30%、79.91%、69.87%和88.43%,混合感染率為84.93%。基于測序進(jìn)行種系發(fā)育關(guān)系分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)太行山獼猴所攜帶的阿米巴原蟲與已知種類序列同源性為97%~99%,進(jìn)化樹分析顯示,分別與E.dispar、E.hartmanni、E.coli和E.chattoni處于同一進(jìn)化分支,即4種阿米巴原蟲分別為E.dispar、E.hartmanni、E.coli和E.chattoni。3)猴源蜂房哈夫尼亞菌的生物學(xué)特性研究2016年,在濟(jì)源市五龍口風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)發(fā)現(xiàn)一只死亡的成年雌性獼猴,并在其體內(nèi)分離到了一株細(xì)菌,經(jīng)鑒定為蜂房哈夫尼亞菌。菌落形態(tài)為黃色圓形,邊緣整齊、光滑的小菌落,革蘭士染色為陰性短桿菌;而該菌能分解D-半乳糖、D-果糖等,不能分解麥芽糖、蔗糖、L-鼠李糖等,且對(duì)頭孢唑林、氨芐西林、阿莫西林-克拉維酸、氨芐西林-舒巴坦、四環(huán)素5種抗生素耐受,對(duì)其他多數(shù)抗生素敏感;序列分析結(jié)果顯示,該菌序列與已知的蜂房哈夫尼亞菌(Hafnia alvei)的基因同源性為99%,進(jìn)化關(guān)系處在同一分支,表明該分離菌為蜂房哈夫尼亞菌(Hafnia alvei)。
[Abstract]:Rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) is one of the most widely distributed non-human primate animal world, because of its strong adaptability, physiological and similar, often used in medical research, psychology, physiology and other disciplines. Taihang Mountain macaque (Macaca mulatta tcheliensis) is a macaque subspecies endemic to China, is currently only distributed in Henan Province and Shanxi province at the junction of Taihang Mountain and the southernmost region, population distribution is the most northern macaque nature. Taihang Mountain rhesus monkeys in morphology, physiology, metabolism, has obvious characteristics of genetic and ecological aspects, has a unique genetic diversity. At present, the main activities in the territory of Taihang Mountain macaque in Jiyuan city of Henan province. In recent years, frequent occurrence of animal diseases brought great influence to the mankind. With the rapid development of economy, the domestic to non-human primate animal ecological tourism activities of ornamental objects have gained rapid development, through the concept of Police found that human and non-human primate animal contact more and more. If things go on like this, eco tourism has brought a lot of problems, which has a great effect on the non-human primate animal, such as behavioral change, the disability rate increased, the increased prevalence of infectious disease. Once out in groups to spread, will have a significant impact on the entire population, or even lead the extinction of species. In order to understand the epidemiological situation of Taihang Mountain rhesus pathogens, the spread and the degree of harm, from September 2015 to November 2016, five in Jiyuan city of Longkou scenic area of the wild monkeys in Taihang Mountain were investigated. The species, the main pathogens in the population infection rate of related pathogen biology the characteristics and evolutionary relationships and other aspects, to provide technical support and theoretical basis for the prevention and control strategy for species protection of Taihang Mountain rhesus monkey monkey who were sick and . the main research contents and results are as follows: 1) the main pathogens in epidemiological investigation of monkeys in Taihang Mountain from September 2015 to November 2016, five in Jiyuan city of Longkou area, collected fresh fecal samples of 458 rhesus monkeys, the virus, pathogenic bacteria and parasite pathogens detection. The results showed that the pathogens detected were: small virus, Salmonella, Shigella, hafnia alvei, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Jerson S bacterium, Campylobacter jejuni, Staphylococcus aureus, Leptospira, Streptococcus pneumoniae, amoeba, Trichuris, Isospora, Physaloptera, pinworm, dung cantonensis, hookworm, balantidial, Capillaria, crossing the monkey eating nematode, trichostrongyle, infection rate were 8.30%, 13.32%, 31.66%, 1.75%, 29.91%, 28.38%, 6.77%, 18.34%, 11.57%, 26.64%, 8.30%, 89.96%, 93.23%, 28.38%, 15.07%, 1.75%, 73.36%, 3.28%, 70.09%, 8.30%, 31.66%, 6.77%.2) and Amiba monkey protozoan species phylogenetic studies using PCR identification method for species identification of Taihang Mountain macaques infected with Amiba protozoa. The results show that the monkeys carry E.dispar, E.hartmanni, E.coli and E.chattoni 4 kinds of Amiba and protozoal infection rates were 58.30%, 79.91% 69.87%, and 88.43%, the rate of mixed infection was based on 84.93%. sequencing analysis of phylogenetic relationship, Amiba found Taihang Mountain macaques carried by the known species of protozoa and sequence homology to 97%~99%, phylogenetic analysis showed that E.dispar and E.hartmanni, respectively, E.coli and E.chattoni are in the same evolutionary branch, namely 4 kinds of protozoa were E.dispar Amiba E.hartmanni, E.coli, and E.chattoni.3) 2016 study on the biological characteristics of monkey hafnia alvei, five in Longkou Jiyuan scenic area found a Adult female monkeys died, and the bacteria in the body of separation, identified as hafnia alvei. Colony morphology for the yellow circle, the edge is neat, smooth small colonies, Gram staining negative short bacillus; while the bacteria can decompose D- galactose, D- fructose, not the decomposition of maltose, sucrose, L-, rhamnose, and cefazolin, ampicillin, amoxicillin clavulanic acid, ampicillin sulbactam, 5 tetracycline antibiotic resistant, sensitive to most other antibiotics; sequence analysis showed that the sequences with known bacterium hafnia alvei (Hafnia alvei) gene the homology of 99% evolutionary relationships in the same branch, showed that the isolated bacteria were hafnia alvei (Hafnia alvei).

【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S858.9

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