本文關(guān)鍵詞： 復(fù)方中藥 犢牛 安全性評(píng)價(jià) 生長性能 免疫功能　出處：《西南大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：中藥是指在中(獸)醫(yī)理論指導(dǎo)下,用于預(yù)防和治療各種動(dòng)物疾病的藥物,主要來源于天然藥及其加工品,包括植物藥(全草、根、莖、葉、花、果)、動(dòng)物藥(骨、皮、內(nèi)臟等)、礦物藥以及部分化學(xué)和生物制品。中藥具有不易產(chǎn)生耐藥性、無殘留、毒副作用小、功能全面等優(yōu)點(diǎn),兼有營養(yǎng)與藥物的雙重作用,引起了國內(nèi)外畜牧業(yè)工作者的極大關(guān)注。本研究選取具有補(bǔ)益氣血、健脾除濕等功效的中藥為主藥,以中獸醫(yī)藥理論為依據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)了三種復(fù)方中藥,旨在探討三種復(fù)方中藥對(duì)肉用犢牛生長性能及免疫功能的影響,評(píng)估三種復(fù)方中藥對(duì)肉用犢牛的保健促長效果,篩選出適宜于肉用犢牛健康養(yǎng)殖的復(fù)方中藥,為其在肉牛生產(chǎn)中的推廣應(yīng)用提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。本文由兩部分構(gòu)成：1)復(fù)方中藥的安全性評(píng)價(jià)選擇昆明小鼠為研究對(duì)象,采用灌胃法,對(duì)復(fù)方中藥Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ進(jìn)行安全性評(píng)價(jià)。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)：急性毒性試驗(yàn)中試驗(yàn)小鼠未出現(xiàn)死亡現(xiàn)象,臨床表現(xiàn)未發(fā)生異常變化；最大耐受量試驗(yàn)中小鼠未出現(xiàn)任何中毒跡象和死亡情況,外觀特征、行為活動(dòng)未出現(xiàn)異常,各臟器均正常；亞慢性毒性試驗(yàn)中小鼠全部存活,表觀特征和主要臟器未發(fā)生異常變化,各組臟器石蠟切片未發(fā)現(xiàn)組織病理變化,此外,三種復(fù)方中藥均能不同程度地增加小鼠體重,復(fù)方中藥Ⅲ顯著提高了小鼠脾臟系數(shù)和胸腺系數(shù)(P0.05)。試驗(yàn)表明：三種復(fù)方中藥不僅在臨床使用劑量上安全可靠,無毒副作用,還能增強(qiáng)食欲,促進(jìn)生長,具有一定的免疫調(diào)節(jié)作用。2)犢牛飼喂試驗(yàn)選擇4月齡左右、健康無病的“和×西×本”(日本和牛×西門塔爾�！链仙降攸S牛)三元雜交肉用斷奶犢牛20頭,采用單因素隨機(jī)單位組設(shè)計(jì)方法,按“體重相近、年齡基本一致”的原則,分為對(duì)照組(不添加中草藥)和3個(gè)試驗(yàn)組(試驗(yàn)組1、試驗(yàn)組2和試驗(yàn)組3,分別按日飼精料重的2%添加復(fù)方中藥Ⅰ、復(fù)方中藥Ⅱ和復(fù)方中藥Ⅲ),共計(jì)4個(gè)處理組。試驗(yàn)預(yù)試期10 d,正試期60 d。分析測(cè)定了試驗(yàn)牛只的生長性能、血常規(guī)、血清免疫分子、抗氧化能力、發(fā)病率等指標(biāo),獲得以下研究結(jié)果：(1)復(fù)方中藥Ⅱ能顯著提高平均干物質(zhì)采食量(P0.05)；復(fù)方中藥Ⅱ和復(fù)方中藥Ⅲ能顯著提高試驗(yàn)牛只的末重和平均日增重(P0.05),降低料重比(P0.05)；復(fù)方中藥Ⅰ對(duì)犢牛的生產(chǎn)性能有一定的改善作用,但差異不顯著(P0.05)。說明三種復(fù)方均能不同程度地促進(jìn)犢牛生長發(fā)育、改善飼料利用率,保證犢牛飼喂時(shí)期營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的攝取,為其生長發(fā)育提供必要的前提條件。(2)復(fù)方中藥Ⅱ和復(fù)方中藥Ⅲ能顯著提高犢牛血清中IgA和IgG含量(P0.05),復(fù)方中藥I能顯著提高IgG含量(P0.05),三種復(fù)方對(duì)犢牛血清中IgM水平的影響差異不顯著(P0.05)；三種復(fù)方中藥均能顯著提高犢牛血清IL-10水平(P0.05),顯著降低IL-8含量(P0.05),顯著或極顯著降低血清中IL-4的含量(P0.05或P0.01),復(fù)方中藥Ⅱ和復(fù)方中藥Ⅲ可顯著提高犢牛血清中IL-2的含量(P0.05)；復(fù)方中藥Ⅰ和復(fù)方中藥Ⅱ能顯著降低TNF-a含量(P0.05)。說明三種復(fù)方均能不同程度地促進(jìn)免疫細(xì)胞對(duì)免疫球蛋白、白細(xì)胞介素等血清免疫分子的合成和分泌,通過對(duì)動(dòng)物機(jī)體的整體調(diào)節(jié),從而提高機(jī)體免疫系統(tǒng)功能,增強(qiáng)免疫力。(3)三種復(fù)方中藥均能顯著提高犢牛血清GSH-Px水平(P0.05)；復(fù)方中藥Ⅰ和復(fù)方中藥Ⅲ能顯著提高血清中T-AOC和T-SOD含量(P0.05),復(fù)方中藥Ⅱ可極顯著提高T-AOC水平(P0.01)；三種復(fù)方中藥能不同程度地降低犢牛血清中MDA的含量,其中復(fù)方中藥Ⅱ、復(fù)方中藥Ⅲ統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)比較差異顯著(P0.05)。說明三種復(fù)方中藥均能提高犢�？寡趸芰�,阻止機(jī)體抗氧化系統(tǒng)的破壞。(4)飼喂三種復(fù)方中藥后,犢牛發(fā)病率分別降低了82.71%、75.88%和55.18%,說明三種復(fù)方中藥對(duì)犢牛機(jī)體健康具有積極促進(jìn)作用,對(duì)疾病具有一定的抵抗力和預(yù)防作用。綜合以上研究結(jié)果：三個(gè)復(fù)方中藥在使用中未見毒副作用,具有提高采食量、抗病促長、增強(qiáng)機(jī)體免疫力、提高抗氧化能力作用；其中復(fù)方中藥Ⅲ的效果較好,可開發(fā)成肉用犢牛的綠色保健品。
[Abstract]:Chinese medicine refers to (the beast) in guiding medical theory, for the prevention and treatment of various animal diseases, mainly from natural medicine and its processed products, including plant medicine (whole plant, root, stem, leaf, flower, fruit), animal medicine (bone, skin, viscera), and mineral drugs the chemical and biological products. Chinese medicine is not easy to produce drug resistance, no residue, small side effects, the advantages of comprehensive functions, and has double functions of nutrition and medicine, has attracted great attention at home and abroad of animal husbandry workers. This study selected with Replenishing Qi and blood, invigorating the spleen dehumidification effect of drugs, according to the design three kinds of Chinese herbal compound in veterinary medicine theory, aims to explore the influence of three kinds of Chinese herbal compound on growth performance and immune function of meat calves, evaluation of three kinds of compound traditional Chinese medicine on the health promoting effect of beef calves, screening out the compound suitable for healthy breeding in beef calves The medicine, to provide a scientific basis for its application in beef cattle production. This paper consists of two parts: 1) safety evaluation of compound prescription of traditional Chinese medicine Kunming mice as the research object, by gavage method, the compound Chinese medicine I, II, III for the safety evaluation. The results showed that the acute toxicity test in mice there was no death phenomenon, the clinical manifestation was no abnormal change; the maximum tolerance test in mice did not show any signs of poisoning and death, appearance, behavior does not appear abnormal, the organs are normal; subchronic toxicity test in mice survived, apparent characteristics and main organs without the occurrence of abnormal changes of each organ paraffin was not found pathological changes, in addition, three kinds of Chinese herbal compound can increase the body weight of mice, significantly improve the compound Chinese Medicine III spleen index and thymus index in mice (P0.05) test table. The three kinds of compound traditional Chinese medicine not only in clinical dosage is safe and reliable, non-toxic side effects, can increase appetite, promote growth, has a certain role in immune regulation.2) calves fed the test selection 4 month old, healthy "and * * the west" (Japanese cattle and Simmental cattle * * in Southern Sichuan mountain cattle) three yuan of crossbred weaned calves 20 head, the design method of single factor randomized block, according to the similar weight, age consistent "principle, divided into control group (not add herbs) and 3 experimental groups (experimental group 1, experimental group 2 and 3, respectively. The daily feeding concentrate the 2% addition of compound Chinese medicine of compound Chinese Medicine II and III), a total of 4 compound Chinese medicine treatment group. The test pilot period of 10 d, during the period of 60 D. were analyzed and determined the test cattle growth performance, blood, serum immune molecules, antioxidant capacity, the incidence rate and other indicators, for the following Results: (1) Chinese herbal compound II can significantly improve the average dry matter intake (P0.05); compound II and III compound traditional Chinese medicine can significantly improve the test cattle final weight and average daily gain (P0.05), lower feed conversion ratio (P0.05); production performance of calves of compound Chinese medicine can improve to some extent, but the difference was not significant (P0.05). Three kinds of compound can enhance calf growth, improve feed efficiency, guarantee period of calves fed the uptake of nutrients for the growth and development and provides necessary precondition. (2) compound II and III compound traditional Chinese medicine can significantly improve IgA and the content of IgG in calf serum (P0.05), compound I could significantly increase the content of IgG (P0.05), three kinds of compound effects on the level of IgM in calf serum had no significant difference (P0.05); three kinds of Chinese herbal compound can significantly raise the level of serum IL-10 (P0.05), was high in calves To reduce the content of IL-8 (P0.05), significantly reduce the levels of serum IL-4 (P0.05 or P0.01), compound II and III compound traditional Chinese medicine can significantly improve the content of IL-2 in calf serum (P0.05); Chinese herbal compound I and compound II could significantly reduce the content of TNF-a (P0.05) three compound. Can enhance the immune cells of immune globulin protein synthesis, interleukin and other serum immune molecules and secretion is regulated by the whole of the animal's body, so as to improve the function of the immune system, enhance immunity. (3) three kinds of Chinese herbal formula can significantly increase the level of serum GSH-Px in calves (P0.05); compound I and III compound traditional Chinese medicine can significantly improve T-AOC and T-SOD content in serum (P0.05), compound II could significantly increase the level of T-AOC (P0.01); three kinds of compound traditional Chinese medicine can reduce the content of MDA in serum of calves, the In the traditional Chinese medicine compound II, III was significant difference between the compound traditional Chinese medicine (P0.05). Three kinds of compound traditional Chinese medicine can improve the antioxidant capacity of calves, prevent the antioxidant system damage. (4) with three kinds of Chinese herbal compound, reduce the incidence rate of 82.71% calves respectively, 75.88% and 55.18%, indicating that three kinds of Chinese herbal compound has a positive effect on calf body health, resistance and prevention of diseases. The above research results: Three Chinese herbal compound in the use of no toxic side effects, can improve the intake resistance, promoting growth, enhance immunity, improve the antioxidant ability; the compound Chinese Medicine III effect is good, can be developed green health products of meat calves.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S853.7

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