本文關(guān)鍵詞： 高寒草甸 放牧干擾 多樣性指數(shù)　出處：《應(yīng)用生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào)》2017年06期 　論文類型：期刊論文

【摘要】：在青藏高原東北緣高寒草甸設(shè)置6個(gè)放牧強(qiáng)度樣地,連續(xù)4年研究10個(gè)多樣性指數(shù)(Richness和Abundance 2個(gè)實(shí)測(cè)指數(shù),優(yōu)勢(shì)度指數(shù)、均勻度指數(shù)、豐富度指數(shù)和綜合指數(shù)各2個(gè))對(duì)放牧強(qiáng)度和年限影響植物群落的解釋能力.結(jié)果表明:相對(duì)于重要值,利用多度計(jì)算的多樣性指數(shù)對(duì)放牧干擾更敏感.優(yōu)勢(shì)度指數(shù)(Berger-Parker、Dominance)與放牧強(qiáng)度和年限均無(wú)關(guān),不能將放牧干擾對(duì)群落優(yōu)勢(shì)種的影響有效區(qū)分.均勻度指數(shù)(Equitability、Evenness)均與放牧強(qiáng)度無(wú)關(guān),但Evenness指數(shù)與放牧年限呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān),不受偶見(jiàn)種影響且與物種多度的變異系數(shù)呈顯著正相關(guān),在基于時(shí)間尺度的均勻度比較中可以選擇Evenness指數(shù).豐富度指數(shù)(Menhinick、Margalef)均與放牧年限無(wú)關(guān),但Margalef指數(shù)與放牧強(qiáng)度呈顯著正相關(guān),且不受偶見(jiàn)種影響.綜合指數(shù)(Shannon、Simpson)均與放牧強(qiáng)度無(wú)關(guān),但Shannon指數(shù)與物種豐富度和多度呈顯著正相關(guān),且隨放牧年限增加而顯著升高,不受偶見(jiàn)種影響,Shannon指數(shù)可用于在長(zhǎng)時(shí)間尺度下比較物種多樣性變化.在所有多樣性指數(shù)中,只有實(shí)測(cè)物種豐富度和多度均與放牧強(qiáng)度呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān),與放牧年限呈顯著正相關(guān),且不受偶見(jiàn)種影響,故實(shí)測(cè)物種豐富度和多度相結(jié)合可作為放牧干擾下多樣性比較的首選指標(biāo).此外,多樣性指數(shù)選擇須考慮放牧干擾的強(qiáng)度與時(shí)間特征、多樣性組分和研究目的.
[Abstract]:Six grazing intensity plots were set up in the alpine meadow on the northeast margin of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Ten diversity indices (Richness and Abundance), dominance index and evenness index were studied for 4 consecutive years. The richness index and composite index (2 each) affect the herding intensity and the number of years of grazing, the results show that, relative to the important value, The diversity index calculated by multiplicity was more sensitive to grazing disturbance, and the dominance index Berger-ParkerDomino was independent of grazing intensity and duration, and could not distinguish the effect of grazing disturbance on dominant species effectively, but evenness index equitability and Evennesshad nothing to do with grazing intensity. However, Evenness index was negatively correlated with grazing years, not affected by rare species, and positively correlated with the coefficient of variation of species abundance. In the comparison of evenness based on time scale, Evenness index can be selected. The richness index Menhinicki Margalef. is independent of grazing years, but Margalef index is significantly positively correlated with grazing intensity and is not affected by rare species. The comprehensive index Shannon Simpsonis independent of grazing intensity. However, Shannon index was positively correlated with species richness and abundance, and increased significantly with grazing years, and could be used to compare species diversity over a long period of time. Only the measured species richness and abundance were negatively correlated with grazing intensity, and positively correlated with grazing years, and not affected by rare species. Therefore, the combination of measured species richness and abundance can be used as the first choice for diversity comparison under grazing disturbance. In addition, the selection of diversity index should consider the intensity and time characteristics of grazing disturbance, diversity components and research purposes.
【作者單位】： 甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)草業(yè)學(xué)院/草業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室/中-美草地畜牧業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展研究中心;
【基金】：國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(31460635)資助~~
【分類號(hào)】：S812

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