本文關(guān)鍵詞： 宋代 家禽 養(yǎng)殖 消費　出處：《陜西師范大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：宋代是我國古代畜牧經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的一個重要階段,作為畜牧業(yè)重要分支的家禽飼養(yǎng)業(yè)蓬勃發(fā)展。長期以來,史學界對于雞、鴨、鵝等家禽關(guān)注較少,為此筆者將宋代的家禽養(yǎng)殖業(yè)作為本文的研究對象,以期彌補宋代畜牧業(yè)研究的不足。兩宋時期,家禽飼養(yǎng)業(yè)盛極一時。雞成為民間家庭普遍飼養(yǎng)的家禽,且南北方堪稱興盛。由于自然條件的限制,鵝、鴨的飼養(yǎng)重心在南方。江南地區(qū),氣候濕潤,江河縱橫,湖泊、池塘星羅棋布,水域?qū)拸V,飼養(yǎng)鵝、鴨等水禽的自然條件得天獨厚。農(nóng)戶們因地制宜,大力飼養(yǎng)鵝、鴨,并出現(xiàn)了大規(guī)模養(yǎng)殖鵝、鴨的專業(yè)戶。鵝、鴨養(yǎng)殖業(yè)走上了專業(yè)化、商品化的道路,成為農(nóng)民家庭收入的重要來源之一。日益發(fā)達的家禽養(yǎng)殖業(yè)不但為人民生活提供肉、蛋等營養(yǎng)豐富的食品,而且為宋代下層普通百姓帶來了眾多效益。例如,禽類的羽毛可以用來制作毛筆、棉被等日常之物,對宋人的生活大有裨益。此外,饋贈家禽也成為宋人表達情誼的一種特殊方式。伴隨著家禽養(yǎng)殖業(yè)的發(fā)展,在長期的馴養(yǎng)實踐中,我國古代勞動人民積累了豐富的飼養(yǎng)與繁育技術(shù)經(jīng)驗。時至宋代,我國的家禽養(yǎng)殖技術(shù)有很多創(chuàng)造性的發(fā)展。宋人在吸取前人經(jīng)驗的基礎(chǔ)上,在家鴨失去抱孵性、提高禽蛋的生產(chǎn)能力以及斗雞飼養(yǎng)方面有了一定的認識,并創(chuàng)造發(fā)明了人工強制換羽技術(shù)以及人工孵化技術(shù)。特別是人工孵化技術(shù)的誕生,是我國古代家禽養(yǎng)殖史上的一次歷史性飛躍。消費是實現(xiàn)社會再生產(chǎn)的重要環(huán)節(jié)之一,對促進社會生產(chǎn)發(fā)揮著重要作用。研究消費問題,一方面有利于研究人民的生活水平；另一方面有助于我們正確認識消費在社會經(jīng)濟生活中的重要作用。宋代是中國古代經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的第二個高峰,城市經(jīng)濟興盛,農(nóng)村草市鎮(zhèn)迅速發(fā)展,人們對包括家禽在內(nèi)的肉食品消費在宋人日常生活中所占比例逐漸增加。加之宋代的烹飪技藝已日臻成熟,酒店、食肆等飲食行業(yè)蓬勃發(fā)展,家禽肉食品被用來制成各式各樣的肉禽類菜肴,大大豐富了宋人的飲食生活。但這些色香味俱全的珍饈美饌只能由達官貴人、富紳巨富來享用,并且他們對家禽肉食品的消費量相當可觀。文人士大夫鐘愛只雞斗酒的享樂,黃雞與白酒是他們樂此不疲的待客之道。相比之下,窮苦百姓、下里巴人將家禽視為待客的首選食肴,日常生活中甚至無福享用。此外,家禽與特定節(jié)日、人生禮俗、市民娛樂生活、祭祀占卜等息息相關(guān),對宋代社會產(chǎn)生了重要影響。同時,宋人對家禽的食補與藥用價值也有一定的認識,在其性味、功用、治驗方面的研究遠遠超越前代。雞在民間有“濟世良藥”的美稱,雞肉、雞蛋、雞肝、雞腸、雞肫、雞血、雞糞、雞翎等都是治病良藥。而鵝、鴨在醫(yī)療方面的藥用價值也不容小覷�？傊�,宋人追求飲食的科學與健康,在關(guān)注家禽肉食品的滋補功能與藥用價值的同時,也重視肉食禁忌所造成的危害,講究節(jié)制飲食。
[Abstract]:Song Dynasty is an important stage of the development of the ancient livestock economy in China. As an important branch of animal husbandry, the poultry breeding industry has been booming. For a long time, the scholars of history paid little attention to poultry such as chicken, duck, goose and so on. In order to make up for the deficiency of the research on animal husbandry in Song Dynasty, the poultry breeding industry was very popular in Song Dynasty, and the chicken was widely raised by folk families. And the north and south can be called prosperity. Due to the restrictions of natural conditions, the breeding center of geese and ducks in the south. Jiangnan region, humid climate, rivers, lakes, ponds, wide waters, feeding geese. The natural conditions of ducks and other waterfowl are unique. The farmers have adopted the road of specialization and commercialization in raising geese and ducks in large scale, especially in raising geese and ducks according to local conditions. The increasingly developed poultry industry not only provides people with nutritious food such as meat and eggs, but also brings a lot of benefits to the ordinary people in the lower levels of the Song Dynasty. Poultry feathers can be used to make brushes, quilts and other daily things, which is of great benefit to the life of the Song people. In addition, the gift of poultry has become a special way to express their friendship. In the long-term domestication practice, the ancient laboring people of our country accumulated rich experience in raising and breeding techniques. There are a lot of creative development of poultry breeding technology in our country. On the basis of absorbing the previous experience, the people of Song Dynasty lost the hatching ability of ducks at home, improved the production capacity of poultry eggs and raised certain understanding of chicken breeding. And the invention of artificial forced molting technology and artificial hatching technology, especially the birth of artificial hatching technology. It is a historic leap in the history of poultry farming in ancient China. Consumption is one of the important links to realize social reproduction and plays an important role in promoting social production. On the one hand, it is advantageous to study the living standard of the people; On the other hand, it helps us to correctly understand the important role of consumption in social and economic life. The Song Dynasty was the second peak of economic development in ancient China. People's consumption of meat, including poultry, gradually increased in the daily life of the Song Dynasty. In addition, the cooking skills of the Song Dynasty have matured, hotels, restaurants and other catering industry flourished. Poultry food is used to make a wide variety of meat and poultry dishes, greatly enriched the diet of the people of Song, but these delicious delicacies can only be enjoyed by officials, gentry and rich. And their consumption of poultry food is considerable. Literati officials love the enjoyment of chicken wine, yellow chicken and white wine is their way of hospitality. By contrast, poor people. In addition, poultry is closely related to certain festivals, customs, public entertainment, sacrifice, divination and so on. At the same time, the Song people also have a certain understanding of the value of poultry food and medicine, in its sexual taste, function. The research on treatment and inspection far exceeds the previous generation. Chickens have the reputation of "good medicine for the world," chicken, eggs, chicken liver, chicken intestines, chicken gizzard, chicken blood, chicken dung, chicken feathers are all good medicine. In short, the Song people pursue the science and health of diet, pay attention to the nourishing function and medicinal value of poultry meat food, but also attach importance to the harm caused by meat taboos. Be careful with your diet.
【學位授予單位】：陜西師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S83;K244

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 林正秋;宋代菜肴特點探討[J];商業(yè)經(jīng)濟與管理;1987年01期

，

本文編號：1454544