本文關(guān)鍵詞： 家庭牧場 優(yōu)化模型 草畜平衡 生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營　出處：《內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：本文以內(nèi)蒙古呼倫貝爾市鄂溫克族自治旗錫尼河西蘇木巴彥呼碩嘎查草甸草原區(qū)家庭牧戶為研究對(duì)象,通過對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)赜嘘P(guān)牧場生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營的數(shù)據(jù)調(diào)查和實(shí)地分析后,以該嘎查不同草地利用類型面積的平均值、牲畜存欄總量為依據(jù),計(jì)算該嘎查平均載畜率,并以草地面積的平均值和載畜率為模型模擬數(shù)據(jù),按照家畜存欄數(shù)約430個(gè)羊單位,夏季放牧場94 hm2,冬季打草場108 hm2,建立一個(gè)典型牧戶,利用中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院草原研究所和內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)開發(fā)的模型,并借鑒澳大利亞國際農(nóng)業(yè)研究中心的模型,模擬典型牧戶生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營現(xiàn)狀和草畜平衡現(xiàn)狀,調(diào)整母畜產(chǎn)羔時(shí)間、改變草地利用類型、合理減少牲畜數(shù)量以及適當(dāng)補(bǔ)飼精飼料,優(yōu)化改進(jìn)典型牧戶生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營現(xiàn)狀和草畜平衡現(xiàn)狀。與此同時(shí),選取3個(gè)典型試驗(yàn)?zāi)翍艉?個(gè)對(duì)照牧戶對(duì)模型模擬的結(jié)果進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證,試驗(yàn)戶實(shí)施減畜和補(bǔ)飼精飼料兩種措施,對(duì)照戶則仍然按照傳統(tǒng)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營方式管理牧場。模型分析結(jié)果顯示,最優(yōu)化的改進(jìn)措施是將母畜產(chǎn)羔時(shí)間調(diào)整至6月份；冬季打草場面積減少30%,夏季放牧場面積增加30%；并將該典型牧戶目前的牲畜數(shù)量減少47%；加之產(chǎn)羔前一個(gè)月給母畜補(bǔ)飼精料,補(bǔ)飼量為0.25kg·d-1,羔羊出售前一個(gè)月給待出售羔羊補(bǔ)飼精飼料,補(bǔ)飼量為0.5kg·d-1。通過減畜、補(bǔ)飼、調(diào)整產(chǎn)羔時(shí)間和改變草地利用類型四種有效途徑相結(jié)合的生產(chǎn)管理飼養(yǎng)方式,可使牧戶凈收入達(dá)到最大值,草畜能量平衡處于最佳水平。牧場實(shí)地驗(yàn)證結(jié)果指出試驗(yàn)?zāi)翍魞羰杖胼^未改善前平均增加了1330元,其中試驗(yàn)?zāi)翍糁袃羰杖朐黾幼罡叩囊粦暨_(dá)到2400元,而對(duì)照牧戶凈收入則較之前平均減少了5000元,試驗(yàn)戶與對(duì)照戶牧戶凈收入平均增加值差異性顯著(p0.05)。試驗(yàn)戶草畜平衡現(xiàn)狀較之前有所改進(jìn),而對(duì)照戶草畜平衡現(xiàn)狀基本無變化。
[Abstract]:This paper takes the family herdsmen in the Hulunbeir Ewenki Autonomous Banner of Hulunbeir City, Inner Mongolia, as the research object, through the data investigation and field analysis on the local pasture production and management. Based on the average area of different grassland utilization types and the total stock of livestock, the average stocking rate of Gacha grassland was calculated, and the simulation data of the average area and stocking rate of grassland were taken as the model data. A typical herder was established according to the number of flocks of about 430 sheep units, 94 hm2 in summer and 108 hm2 in winter. Using the model developed by grassland Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Inner Mongolia Agricultural University and using the model of Australian International Agricultural Research Center for reference, this paper simulates the production and management status of typical herdsmen and the balance of grass and livestock. Adjust the lambing time of female livestock, change the utilization type of grassland, reasonably reduce the number of livestock and feed concentrate properly, optimize and improve the production and management status of typical herdsmen and the balance of grass and livestock at the same time. Three typical experimental herdsmen and three control herdsmen were selected to verify the results of the model simulation. The results of the model analysis showed that the optimal improvement measure was to adjust the lambing time to June. In winter, the area of pasture decreased by 30%, and the area of pasture increased by 30% in summer. And reduce the current livestock number of the typical herder by 47. In addition, a month before lambing was added to the mother stock, the amount of supplement feed was 0.25 kg 路d ~ (-1), and one month before the lamb was sold, the amount of supplement feed was 0.5 kg 路d ~ (-1) to the lambs to be sold, and the amount of supplementary feed was 0.5 kg 路d ~ (-1). Supplementary feeding, adjusting lambing time and changing grassland utilization type combined with four effective ways of production management and raising, can make the net income of herdsmen reach the maximum. The results of field validation indicated that the net income of the experimental herdsmen increased by 1330 yuan compared with that before the improvement. One household with the highest increase in net income in the pilot pastoral households reached 2400 yuan, while the net income of the contrast pastoral households decreased by 5,000 yuan on average compared with the previous ones. The difference of the average increase value of net income between the experimental households and the control households was significant (p 0.05). The present situation of grass and livestock balance in the experimental households was improved compared with the previous ones, but the balance status of the control households was basically unchanged.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S812.95

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