本文關(guān)鍵詞： 文鳥(niǎo) 鴿子 四種主要寄生蟲(chóng) 衣原體 流行病學(xué)調(diào)查 基因分型　出處：《揚(yáng)州大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：觀賞鳥(niǎo)在我國(guó)的飼育已經(jīng)有了三千多年的歷史,它們豐富了人們的生活,增強(qiáng)了社會(huì)交往。伴隨著人們生活水平的不斷提高,觀賞鳥(niǎo)的社會(huì)需求量也在不斷增加。但是寄生蟲(chóng)和衣原體感染常常影響鳥(niǎo)類健康,導(dǎo)致鳥(niǎo)類發(fā)病甚至死亡。剛地弓形蟲(chóng)(Toxoplasma gondii)是一類嚴(yán)格細(xì)胞內(nèi)寄生性原蟲(chóng),可以感染大多數(shù)溫血?jiǎng)游?包括鳥(niǎo)類)。全世界大約有三分之一的人感染弓形蟲(chóng),人是弓形蟲(chóng)的中間宿主,可以通過(guò)攝食沒(méi)有煮熟的動(dòng)物肉和被弓形蟲(chóng)卵囊污染的食物和水感染弓形蟲(chóng)。隱孢子蟲(chóng)(Cryptosporidium)是一種重要的人獸共患原蟲(chóng),幾乎可以感染所有脊椎動(dòng)物。隱孢子蟲(chóng)可以導(dǎo)致哺乳動(dòng)物(人)腹瀉病和鳥(niǎo)類的呼吸道疾病。禽隱孢子蟲(chóng)首次由Tyzzer在鳥(niǎo)類中檢測(cè)到,全世界已知有30多種禽類可以感染隱孢子蟲(chóng)。微孢子蟲(chóng)病是一種在動(dòng)物和人群中常見(jiàn)的疾病。畢氏腸微孢子蟲(chóng)(Enterocytozoon bieneusi)是人群中常見(jiàn)的孢子蟲(chóng)屬的蟲(chóng)種,許多動(dòng)物都可以成為畢氏腸微孢子蟲(chóng)感染的潛在感染對(duì)象。藍(lán)氏賈第蟲(chóng)宿主廣泛,可感染人、畜禽和多種野生/圈養(yǎng)珍稀動(dòng)物。衣原體(Chlamydia)是一類嚴(yán)格寄生在真核細(xì)胞內(nèi)的原核細(xì)胞微生物,可以引起人和多種動(dòng)物的一系列病癥,如呼吸困難、高熱等。本論文采用改良凝集試驗(yàn)(MAT),檢測(cè)了來(lái)自北京和商丘的350份文鳥(niǎo)(白文鳥(niǎo)225只,灰文鳥(niǎo)125只)弓形蟲(chóng)血清抗體。結(jié)果顯示:弓形蟲(chóng)血清抗體陽(yáng)性率為34.28%(120/311)。其中225只白文鳥(niǎo)中有31只(13.7%)檢測(cè)為陽(yáng)性,灰文鳥(niǎo)的陽(yáng)性率為47.2%(59/125)。物種和性別的差異是弓形蟲(chóng)感染的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素。采用PCR法,分別檢測(cè)上述350份文鳥(niǎo)糞便以及399份鴿子糞便的隱孢子蟲(chóng)、微孢子蟲(chóng)及賈第蟲(chóng)的感染情況。結(jié)果表明:文鳥(niǎo)隱孢子陽(yáng)性率為13.42%(47/350);白文鳥(niǎo)的陽(yáng)性率為16.44%(37/225),灰文鳥(niǎo)為8.00%(10/125)。來(lái)自北京的文鳥(niǎo)的陽(yáng)性率為9.82%(16/163),商丘的為16.58%(31/187)。雌性和雄性的陽(yáng)性率分別為40.63%(26/64)和7.34%(21/286)。不同年齡的文鳥(niǎo)的感染率的范圍為10.47%～16.33%。SSUrRNA基因的序列分析顯示,所有感染的隱孢子蟲(chóng)為貝氏隱孢子蟲(chóng)。鴿子中未檢測(cè)到隱孢子蟲(chóng)。文鳥(niǎo)及鴿子糞便的微孢子蟲(chóng)及賈第蟲(chóng)感染均為陰性。采用間接血凝試驗(yàn)(IHA),對(duì)上述文鳥(niǎo)進(jìn)行了衣原體感染情況調(diào)查。采用PCR法檢測(cè)文鳥(niǎo)和鴿子糞便樣本。結(jié)果表明:文鳥(niǎo)衣原體血清抗體陽(yáng)性率為13.14%(46/350)。不同地區(qū)、品種和年齡陽(yáng)性率差異不顯著(P0.05);鴿子衣原體陽(yáng)性率為5.01%(20/399),長(zhǎng)春市為3.19%,吉林市為9.40%。外膜蛋白A(ompA)基因的序列分析顯示,所感染的衣原體基因型均為鸚鵡熱衣原體B型。本研究對(duì)我國(guó)部分地區(qū)文鳥(niǎo)和鴿子的弓形蟲(chóng)、隱孢子蟲(chóng)、微孢子蟲(chóng)、賈第蟲(chóng)及衣原體的感染情況進(jìn)行了血清流行病學(xué)調(diào)查或糞樣PCR檢測(cè)及基因型鑒定,所獲數(shù)據(jù)為這些動(dòng)物疾病的進(jìn)一步深入研究奠定了基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:Ornamental birds in China has a history of more than 3,000 years, they enrich people's lives, enhance social interaction, with the continuous improvement of people's living standards. Social demand for bird watching is also increasing, but parasites and chlamydia infections often affect bird health. Toxoplasma gondii (Toxoplasma gondii) is a strict parasitic protozoa. It can infect most warm-blooded animals (including birds). About 1/3 people worldwide are infected with Toxoplasma gondii, and humans are intermediate hosts of Toxoplasma gondii. Toxoplasma gondii can be infected by ingestion of uncooked animal meat and food and water contaminated with Toxoplasma gondii oocysts. Cryptosporidium (Cryptosporidium) is an important zoonotic protozoa. Cryptosporidium can infect almost all vertebrates. Cryptosporidium can cause diarrhoeal diseases in mammals (humans) and respiratory diseases in birds. Cryptosporidium has been detected in birds for the first time by Tyzzer. More than 30 birds are known to infect Cryptosporidium worldwide. Microsporidiosis is a common disease in animals and people. Enterocytozoon bieneusii is a common species of sporidium in the population. Many animals can become potential targets for microsporidium infection. Giardia lamblia has a wide range of hosts and can infect humans. Chlamydia chlamydia (Chlamydia) is a class of prokaryotic microbes that are strictly parasitic in eukaryotic cells and can cause a series of diseases in humans and many animals. For example, dyspnea, high fever and so on. In this paper, 350 birds (225 white birds) from Beijing and Shangqiu were detected by modified agglutination test. Serum antibodies of Toxoplasma gondii. The results showed that the positive rate of serum antibodies of Toxoplasma gondii was 34.28 / 320 / 3110.31 out of 225 white birds were infected with Toxoplasma gondii. Tested positive. The positive rate of Toxoplasma gondii was 47.2%. The difference between species and sex was the risk factor of Toxoplasma gondii infection. PCR method was used. Cryptosporidium was detected in 350 samples of the birds and 399 samples of pigeon droppings. The results showed that the positive rate of Cryptosporidium was 13.42% and the positive rate of Cryptosporidium was 13.42%. The positive rate of the white bird was 16.44%, and that of the grey bird was 8.00%. The positive rate of the bird from Beijing was 9.82% and the positive rate was 9.82%. The positive rates of female and male were 40.63 / 2664 and 7.3421 / 286respectively. The range of infection rate was 10.47% 16.33% SSUrRNA gene sequence analysis showed. All the infected Cryptosporidium were Cryptosporidium bergii. No Cryptosporidium was detected in pigeons. The microsporidium and Giardia infection in the droppings of the birds and pigeons were negative. Indirect hemagglutination test was used. Chlamydia infection was investigated by PCR method. The results showed that the positive rate of chlamydia seroantibody was 13.1446 / 350). Different regions. There was no significant difference in the positive rate of variety and age (P0.05). The positive rate of chlamydia pigeon was 5.01%, 3.19% in Changchun and 9.40% in Jilin city. The sequence analysis of outer membrane protein AompA gene showed that the positive rate of chlamydia pigeon was 5.01%, 3.19% in Changchun and 9.40% in Jilin city. The genotypes of chlamydia psittaci were all B type of chlamydia psittaci. In this study, Toxoplasma gondii, Cryptosporidium and microsporidium were studied in some areas of China. Seroepidemiological investigation, fecal PCR detection and genotyping of Giardia lamblia and chlamydia were carried out, which laid a foundation for further study of these animal diseases.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：揚(yáng)州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S858.93;S858.39

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