本文關(guān)鍵詞： 豬 非淀粉多糖 小麥 組分分析 纖維類型 消化率　出處：《中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：本論文首先對(duì)乙酸酐衍生化氣相色譜法測定飼料中非淀粉多糖(non-starch polysaccharides,NSP)含量時(shí)適宜的稱樣量以及方法的變異性進(jìn)行研究,利用該方法測定小麥、小麥麩及次粉中NSP含量,分析小麥及其副產(chǎn)品中NSP含量與常規(guī)養(yǎng)分含量之間的相關(guān)性,并研究不同類型纖維對(duì)豬飼糧碳水化合物多糖組分和能量消化率的影響,為完善飼料NSP組分?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)庫和揭示飼糧NSP組分的消化規(guī)律以及NSP對(duì)能量消化率的影響提供參考。第一部分對(duì)乙酸酐衍生化氣相色譜法測定飼料中NSP含量時(shí)適宜的稱樣量及方法的變異性進(jìn)行研究。本試驗(yàn)采用單因素完全隨機(jī)設(shè)計(jì),選取7個(gè)參比日糧纖維(reference dietary fiber,RDF)的稱樣水平(0.10、0.15、0.20、0.25、0.30、0.40和0.50 g),每個(gè)水平設(shè)3個(gè)重復(fù),分別測定NSP含量;然后在適宜稱樣量范圍內(nèi),分析方法的變異性,設(shè)兩個(gè)批次,每個(gè)批次3個(gè)重復(fù);并分析測定玉米等9種飼料原料中NSP含量,以驗(yàn)證方法的變異性。結(jié)果表明:1)0.10、0.15、0.20和0.25 g所測得總NSP(total NSP,TNSP)含量無顯著差異(P0.05),但顯著高于0.30、0.40和0.50 g稱樣水平(P0.05)。2)兩個(gè)批次中各單糖、糖醛酸和總量均無顯著差異(P0.05)�？扇苄訬SP(soluble NSP,SNSP)、不可溶性NSP(insoluble NSP,INSP)和TNSP的批內(nèi)、批間及總變異系數(shù)分別低于11.57%、3.19%和3.01%。3)9種飼料原料中INSP含量均高于SNSP含量,且主要組成單糖為阿拉伯糖、木糖和葡萄糖。本試驗(yàn)條件下乙酸酐衍生化氣相色譜法所稱取樣品中TNSP含量在22-55 mg(0.10 g和0.25 g RDF中含量)范圍內(nèi)是適宜的,測定的TNSP含量的變異性可控制在3.01%以內(nèi)。第二部分利用第一部分方法分析測定不同品種小麥、小麥麩及次粉中NSP組分的含量,并分析淀粉和常規(guī)養(yǎng)分的含量,以及各養(yǎng)分含量之間的相關(guān)性。結(jié)果表明:1)小麥、小麥次粉中主要成分為淀粉,而小麥麩中NSP含量最高;小麥麩中粗蛋白質(zhì)、粗脂肪及粗灰分含量均高于小麥和小麥次粉;三種飼料原料NSP中INSP含量均高于SNSP含量,且阿拉伯木聚糖(arabinoxylans,AX)含量最高,纖維素次之。2)不同品種小麥、小麥麩及次粉中各養(yǎng)分含量的變異系數(shù)范圍分別為4.31%-32.04%、5.59%-21.89%、4.00%-25.91,其中可溶性AX(soluble AX,SAX)的變異性最大;且淀粉與NSP均呈負(fù)相關(guān),而NSP各組分與TNSP、纖維素與AX均分別呈正相關(guān),但僅小麥次粉中粗灰分與NSP組分呈顯著正相關(guān);AX含量越高,其分支程度越低。第三部分研究單一來源纖維類型對(duì)豬飼糧碳水化合物多糖組分及能量消化率的影響。本試驗(yàn)選取6頭荷術(shù)豬,采用有重復(fù)的3×3拉丁方設(shè)計(jì),設(shè)3個(gè)處理組,處理分別為對(duì)照組(玉米—豆粕基礎(chǔ)飼糧)、菊粉組(5%菊粉替代部分玉米-豆粕)和CMC組(5%羧甲基纖維素鈉(CMC)替代部分玉米-豆粕),分別測定飼糧碳水化合物多糖組分和能量的表觀回腸消化率(apparent ileal digestibility,AID)和表觀全消化道消化率(apparent total tract digestibility,ATTD),以及糞和食糜中揮發(fā)性脂肪酸(volatile fatty acids,VFA)的濃度。結(jié)果表明:1)菊粉組總能及碳水化合物多糖組分(除纖維素和β-葡聚糖)的AID顯著低于對(duì)照組和CMC組(P0.05),CMC組β-葡聚糖的AID顯著高于其他兩組(P=0.01)。2)CMC組總碳水化合物、NSP各組分(除SAX、不可溶性AX和β-葡聚糖)和總能的ATTD及糞中VFA濃度顯著低于菊粉組和對(duì)照組(P0.05)。3)菊粉組TNSP、INSP和總能的大腸發(fā)酵率(hindgut fermentation,HF)顯著高于對(duì)照組和CMC組(P0.05),而CMC組SNSP、β-葡聚糖和纖維素的HF顯著低于其他兩組(P0.05)。4)碳水化合物多糖組分的ATTD與能量的ATTD,以及碳水化合物多糖組分的HF與能量的HF均存在很強(qiáng)的線性關(guān)系(P0.01)。5)NSP各組分的HF與糞中VFA的濃度呈顯著正相關(guān)(P0.05)。由此可見,菊粉能夠減少飼糧養(yǎng)分在前腸的消化,但可增加后腸的發(fā)酵;CMC能夠降低飼糧養(yǎng)分在后腸的發(fā)酵,進(jìn)而影響?zhàn)B分在全消化道的消化;不同NSP組分經(jīng)大腸發(fā)酵產(chǎn)生的VFA的類型不同。日糧纖維類型能夠影響飼料養(yǎng)分的消化位點(diǎn)和消化程度,進(jìn)而影響飼糧能量的消化利用。
[Abstract]:Determination of non starch polysaccharide in feed firstly acetic anhydride Derivatization Gas Chromatography (non-starch polysaccharides NSP) said the study content for variability in sample volume and method, determination of Wheat by using this method, the NSP content of wheat bran and wheat, analyzing the correlation between the content of NSP in wheat and its by-products with conventional nutrient content, and different types of fiber and energy digestibility of dietary carbohydrate pig polysaccharide group, in order to improve the feed NSP component database and reveal the dietary components of NSP and NSP provide digestive regularity effects on energy digestibility. The first part conducts the research on the variation of acetic anhydride Derivatization Gas chromatographic determination of NSP content in feed when appropriate amount of sample and method. The test uses a single factor completely randomized design, selected 7 reference dietary fiber (reference dietary fi BER, RDF) of the sample level (0.10,0.15,0.20,0.25,0.30,0.40 and 0.50 g), each level with 3 repetitions, the content of NSP were determined; then in the appropriate amount of sample range, variability analysis method, set up in two batches, each batch of 3 replicates; and determination of corn and other 9 kinds of feed raw materials in NSP in order to verify the content, variability of the method. The results show that: 1) 0.10,0.15,0.20 and 0.25 g measured total NSP (total NSP TNSP) there was no significant difference between the content (P0.05), but was significantly higher than that of 0.30,0.40 and 0.50 g sample level (P0.05).2) two batches of each monosaccharide, there was no significant difference in sugar uronic acid and total soluble NSP (P0.05). (soluble NSP, SNSP NSP (insoluble), soluble NSP, INSP and TNSP) in batch, between batch and total coefficient of variation were less than 11.57%, 3.19% and 9 3.01%.3) INSP content in feed were higher than SNSP content, and the main monosaccharide composition of Arabia sugar, xylose Glucose and acetic anhydride. The Derivatization Gas chromatography under the conditions of this experiment, the call of TNSP content in the sample in 22-55 Mg (0.10 g and 0.25 g in RDF) within the range of variability is appropriate, the determination of TNSP can be controlled within 3.01%. The second part of the first part determination method of different wheat varieties analysis of NSP fractions of wheat bran and wheat, and analyze the content of starch and conventional nutrient, and the correlation between the contents of nutrients. The results showed that: 1) the main component of wheat, wheat flour is starch, while the highest NSP content in wheat bran; wheat bran crude protein, crude fat and crude the ash content was higher than that of wheat and wheat flour; three kinds of INSP content in NSP feed was higher than the content of SNSP, and Arabia xylan (arabinoxylans, AX) was the highest, followed by.2 cellulose) of different wheat varieties, the nutrient content of wheat bran and wheat middling The variation coefficient range were 4.31%-32.04%, 5.59%-21.89%, 4.00%-25.91, soluble AX (soluble AX SAX) the variation of the maximum; and the starch and NSP were negatively correlated, while the components of NSP and TNSP, and AX were positively correlated with cellulose, but only Wheat Middlings crude ash and NSP was significantly positive related; the content of AX is higher, the lower the degree of the branch. The third part studies the single source of fiber type and energy digestibility of dietary carbohydrate pig polysaccharide group. This study selected 6 patients with head bearing pigs, 3 x 3 Latin square design repeat, 3 treatment groups, respectively the control group (corn soybean meal diet), inulin group (5% inulin partial replacement of corn soybean meal) and CMC group (5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) partial replacement of corn soybean meal), respectively for the basal carbohydrate polysaccharide component of energy and the apparent ileal digestibility (appare NT ileal digestibility, AID) and apparent digestibility (apparent total tract digestibility, ATTD), and volatile fatty acids in feces and digesta (volatile fatty, acids, VFA) concentration. The results showed that: 1) the total energy and carbohydrate group of inulin polysaccharide fractions (except cellulose and beta glucan). AID was significantly lower than the control group and CMC group (P0.05), group CMC beta glucan AID was significantly higher than that of the other two groups (P=0.01).2) CMC group total carbohydrate, NSP components (except SAX, AX and insoluble glucan) concentration of ATTD and VFA in feces and always significantly lower than that of inulin group and control group.3 (P0.05)) inulin group TNSP, INSP and E. fermentation rate always (hindgut fermentation, HF) was significantly higher than that of control group and CMC group (P0.05), and CMC group SNSP, beta glucan and cellulose HF was significantly lower than the other two groups (P0.05).4) carbohydrate component of polysaccharide and ATTD energy ATTD, there was a strong linear relationship and HF energy and carbohydrate composition of polysaccharide HF (P0.01).5) was positively related to the concentration of HF and NSP in fecal components of VFA (P0.05). Thus, inulin can reduce dietary nutrients in foregut digestion, but can be increased after intestinal fermentation; CMC can reduce dietary nutrients in the hindgut fermentation, thereby affecting the nutrient in the whole digestive tract digestion; different types of NSP components produced by fermentation in the large intestine of VFA. Dietary fiber type can affect the digestibility of dietary nutrients and digestive sites, thereby affecting the digestion and utilization of dietary energy.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S816.17

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本文編號(hào)：1444919