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  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 小型獸類及蚤類 多樣性 空間分布格局 景觀 家鼠鼠疫疫源地　出處：《大理學(xué)院》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：目的本研究旨在了解家鼠鼠疫源地滇南山地小區(qū)的鼠、蚤群落結(jié)構(gòu)、多樣性及其空間分布格局，探討家鼠疫源地宿主動物和媒介在不同景觀、生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和群落頻次分布的特征和規(guī)律，揭示空間分布格局與鼠疫流行的關(guān)系。方法以家鼠疫源地滇南山地小區(qū)西雙版納、臨滄和普洱三州市為調(diào)查和研究的空間范圍，不同景觀生態(tài)系統(tǒng)分布的小型獸類及其寄生蚤為研究對象，定期開展生物學(xué)調(diào)查，，將所獲數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)統(tǒng)計學(xué)處理后，對鼠、蚤類多樣性及空間分布格局、特征及與地理環(huán)境因素關(guān)系等問題進行分析和探討。結(jié)果（1）共捕獲小型獸類719只，隸屬于3目6科12屬20種（亞種）。其中，黃胸鼠（占40.61%）和斑胸鼠（占15.16%）為優(yōu)勢種；共收集蚤類229匹，隸屬于6科10屬14種（亞種），印鼠客蚤（占57.21%）和瀘水櫛眼蚤（占17.03%）為優(yōu)勢種。（2）小型獸類及蚤類在不同景觀中存在差異，物種豐富度呈林區(qū)居多、農(nóng)耕區(qū)次之、居民區(qū)最少的分布格局，農(nóng)耕區(qū)捕獲的黃胸鼠高于林區(qū)和居民區(qū)，差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義（P0.05）；居民區(qū)印鼠客蚤與林區(qū)和農(nóng)耕區(qū)相比，差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義（P0.05）。（3）小型獸類的物種豐富度及物種多樣性隨海拔升高的總趨勢呈先升高后降低的單峰分布格局，其峰值均在海拔1000～1500m之間；寄生蚤隨海拔梯度的增加與小型獸類保持一致，1000～1500m為小獸及其寄生蚤生存的較適環(huán)境。（4）小型獸類密度和數(shù)量構(gòu)成比呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系；寄生蚤Shannon-Wiener指數(shù)與豐富度、均勻度及生態(tài)優(yōu)勢度均呈明顯相關(guān)關(guān)系。結(jié)論不同景觀生態(tài)環(huán)境的小型獸類和寄生蚤類明顯不同，小型獸類及蚤類的物種豐富度和多樣性隨海拔梯度的變化而變化，1000～1500m是鼠、寄生蚤生存的較適環(huán)境。景觀因子、海拔梯度對滇南家鼠鼠疫疫源地鼠、蚤類多樣性的影響顯著，小型獸類及其寄生蚤的不同空間分布格局決定了滇南家鼠鼠疫的流行和分布趨勢。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this study is to understand the rodent plague foci in southern mountainous areas of the rat flea community structure, diversity and spatial distribution pattern of musculus foci of host animal and media in different landscape ecosystem and the frequency distribution of community characteristics and laws, reveals the spatial distribution pattern and the plague epidemic. Methods the mice in to Yunnan hilly area of Xishuangbanna, Lincang and three cities for the space scope of Pu'er investigation and research, the distribution of small mammals in different landscape ecosystem and its parasitic fleas as the research object, to carry out biological regulating regular check, the obtained data by statistical processing, the rat flea diversity and spatial distribution pattern analysis and to explore the characteristics and geographical environment factors and other issues. Results (1) a total of 719 small mammals were captured, belonging to 3 orders, 6 families, 12 genera and 20 species (subspecies). The Yellow breasted rat (40.61%) and Spot breasted rats (15.16%) were the dominant species of fleas were collected; 229 horses, belonging to 6 families, 10 genera and 14 species (subspecies), x.cheopis (57.21%) and Lushui Ctenophthalmus nobilis (17.03%) were the dominant species. (2) the differences of small mammals and fleas in different landscape in the forest, the species richness was mostly farming area. The distribution pattern of residential areas at least, farming areas captured above forest areas and residential areas were identified, the difference was statistically significant (P0.05); compared with the residential area of xenopsyllacheopis and forest and farming area, the difference was statistically significant (P0.05) (3) total. The trend of small mammal species richness and species diversity with increasing elevation was unimodal distribution increased first and then decreased, the peak is in elevation between 1000 ~ 1500m; with the increase of the altitude of fleas and small mammals remain the same, 1000 ~ 1500m with suitable environment of small mammals and parasitic fleas (4 survival. Small) Type of mammal density and quantity were positivelycorrelated relationship; parasitic fleas Shannon-Wiener index and species richness, evenness and ecological dominance was significantly correlated. Small mammals and parasitic fleas in different ecological environment landscape conclusion is obviously different, the species richness of small mammals and fleas and diversity varies with altitude, 1000 ~ 1500m is in suitable environment for survival. The parasitic fleas landscape factor, altitudinal gradient in southern Yunnan plague foci, flea diversity significantly affect the different spatial distribution patterns of small mammals and parasitic fleas determines the prevalence and distribution trend of Yunnan plague.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：大理學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：R516.8

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