【摘要】：在脊椎動物胚胎發(fā)育過程中，神經(jīng)胚是一個重要的發(fā)育時期。這個階段胚胎外胚層增厚形成上皮性神經(jīng)板，神經(jīng)板兩側(cè)隆起形成神經(jīng)褶，隨后神經(jīng)褶兩側(cè)向背中線靠攏并愈合成神經(jīng)管。神經(jīng)管的發(fā)生和分化是腦和脊髓正常發(fā)育的前提，這一發(fā)育過程發(fā)生異常就會導致神經(jīng)管畸形(neural tube defects，NTDs)。隨著現(xiàn)代工業(yè)的發(fā)展和環(huán)境污染的日趨嚴重，人類先天畸形的發(fā)生率也逐年上升。1986年調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示，我國新生兒先天畸形的發(fā)生率高達1.3％，因此，對先天畸形的研究越來越受到人們的重視。在各類先天畸形中，神經(jīng)管畸形是發(fā)生率最高、危害也最為嚴重的一類先天畸形，由胚胎發(fā)育早期神經(jīng)管閉合不全或延遲閉合所致，主要涉及中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)，包括無腦、露腦、脊柱裂等。神經(jīng)管畸形也是導致死胎、流產(chǎn)和早產(chǎn)的主要原因之一，其致殘率很高，給家庭和社會帶來嚴重的心理和經(jīng)濟負擔。NTDs的病因非常復雜，既有遺傳因素，也有環(huán)境因素，更包含著遺傳因素與環(huán)境因素之間的交互作用。 流行病學調(diào)查及動物實驗顯示，高溫是最常見且難以預防的一種物理致畸因子，，可引起多種動物以及人類的先天畸形，其中以NTDs的出現(xiàn)率最高。近年來，各國學者在高溫致畸方面作了大量的動物實驗和細胞培養(yǎng)研究，觀察了高溫對細胞增殖、細胞凋亡、細胞分化、細胞粘著、細胞類聚、組織誘導和器官發(fā)生等方面的影響，取得了不少成果，但至今仍未闡明高溫致畸的分子機理。高溫致NTDs是一個極其復雜的過程，在這個過程中，有些蛋白質(zhì)的合成，尤其是與胚胎分化
[Abstract]:In the process of vertebrate embryo development, neuroembryo is an important developmental period. At this stage, the ectoderm thickens to form an epithelial nerve plate, which forms a nerve fold on both sides of the nerve plate, and then the two sides of the nerve fold approach the dorsal midline and heal into a neural tube. The occurrence and differentiation of neural tube is the premise of normal development of brain and spinal cord, which will lead to neural tube malformation (neural tube defects,NTDs). With the development of modern industry and the increasingly serious environmental pollution, the incidence of congenital malformations in human beings is also increasing year by year. The results of 1986 survey show that the incidence of congenital malformations in China is as high as 1.3%. Therefore, more and more attention has been paid to the study of congenital malformations. Among all kinds of congenital malformations, neural tube malformation is the highest incidence and the most serious congenital malformation, which is caused by incomplete or delayed closure of neural tube in the early stage of embryonic development, mainly involving the central nervous system, including anencephalia, open brain, spina bifida and so on. Neural tube malformation is also one of the main causes of stillbirth, abortion and premature delivery, and its disability rate is very high, which brings serious psychological and economic burden to family and society. The etiology of NTDs is very complex, there are both genetic and environmental factors, but also contains the interaction between genetic factors and environmental factors. Epidemiological investigation and animal experiments show that high temperature is the most common and difficult to prevent physical teratogenic factors, which can cause congenital malformations in many animals and humans, among which NTDs has the highest occurrence rate. In recent years, scholars from all over the world have done a lot of animal experiments and cell culture studies on high temperature teratogenesis. The effects of high temperature on cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell differentiation, cell adhesion, cell clustering, tissue induction and organogenesis have been observed, but the molecular mechanism of high temperature teratogenesis has not yet been clarified. NTDs induced by high temperature is an extremely complex process, in which some proteins are synthesized, especially with embryonic differentiation.
【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2006
【分類號】：R321.6

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 李太武,相建海,劉瑞玉;中國對蝦cDNA文庫的構(gòu)建[J];動物學報;1998年02期

2 李澤桂,蔡文琴,陳活彝;神經(jīng)管發(fā)生中的形態(tài)學事件和分子機制[J];第三軍醫(yī)大學學報;1999年08期

3 徐軍望,朱禎,李旭剛;快速cDNA文庫篩選和淀粉合成酶基因的分離與鑒定[J];高技術(shù)通訊;2001年08期

4 于麗,管英俊,高英茂,李少玲;金倉鼠神經(jīng)管cDNA文庫的建立[J];解剖學報;2005年02期

5 呂鋒，高英茂，管英俊;高溫致神經(jīng)管畸形動物模型的建立及其形態(tài)發(fā)生的研究[J];解剖學報;1996年03期

6 袁青,高英茂,李少玲;應用銀染mRNA差異顯示法尋找高溫致神經(jīng)管畸形差異表達基因[J];解剖學雜志;2002年02期

7 張靜,高英茂,李少玲,王立言;高溫致畸金黃地鼠神經(jīng)管cDNA文庫的構(gòu)建與鑒定[J];解剖學雜志;2005年05期

8 呂新躍,陳保生,王克勤,薛紅;不易感動脈粥樣硬化動物北京鴨肝cDNA文庫的快速構(gòu)建[J];中國動脈硬化雜志;1997年04期

9 付劍亮,邵福源;細胞周期素依賴性激酶與缺血性卒中[J];國外醫(yī)學(腦血管疾病分冊);2004年11期

10 劉建喜,林愛星,李雪輝,陳新榮,陳永福;用PCR法從cDNA文庫中快速克隆基因[J];農(nóng)業(yè)生物技術(shù)學報;2001年03期

本文編號：2507484