【摘要】： 目的：研究下頜骨實體標，本并經(jīng)過測量了解下頜骨的解剖規(guī)律；研究正常人下頜骨的解剖特點以及下頜管的走行規(guī)律和位置關(guān)系和解剖結(jié)構(gòu)，提出防治下牙槽神經(jīng)受損傷的方法，尤其是對牙槽嵴萎縮的老年患者實施牙種植術(shù)提供了可能性，擴大了牙種植的適應癥，為臨床牙種植提供了可靠的參考數(shù)據(jù)以及解剖學依據(jù)。 方法：選取15具牙列完整的成人離體下頜骨標本和5具經(jīng)過動脈血管內(nèi)灌注的新鮮標本，測量下頜骨在每個牙位截面上有關(guān)牙槽嵴以及下頜管的相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)，然后進行統(tǒng)計學分析。 結(jié)果：牙槽嵴頂以及下方10mm寬度有前向后逐漸增寬；牙槽嵴由上向下逐漸增寬；下頜管位于下頜骨體內(nèi)下方走行中偏舌側(cè)，，并近下頜骨下緣，在下頜第一、二磨牙區(qū)下頜管走行與下頜下緣成平行狀，在近頦孔時才轉(zhuǎn)向外和向頰側(cè)出頦孔；下頜管內(nèi)血管位于下牙槽神經(jīng)之上。 結(jié)論：對下頜管進行離體標本多斷面的觀察和測量，能直觀逼真的反應了牙種植區(qū)頜骨的質(zhì)量，以及下頜管在各個方向上的空間位置，為牙種植手術(shù)前設(shè)計提供準確可靠的依據(jù)，使得臨床醫(yī)師能更好的制定手術(shù)方案，提高牙種植的成功率，預防領(lǐng)骨側(cè)壁穿孔等并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生。牙種植術(shù)中按正常解剖方位并且側(cè)重頰側(cè)骨板操作，可避免損傷下牙槽神經(jīng)。如果術(shù)中下頜管內(nèi)突然涌出大量新鮮血，則提示繼續(xù)手術(shù)可能損傷下牙槽神經(jīng)。
[Abstract]:Objective: to study the anatomical regularity of mandible by measuring the mandible. To study the anatomic characteristics of the mandible, the relationship between the position and the course of the mandibular canal, and the anatomical structure of the mandibular canal, and put forward the methods to prevent and treat the injury of the inferior alveolar nerve, especially for the elderly patients with atrophy of the alveolar ridge. The indication of dental implant was expanded, which provided reliable reference data and anatomical basis for clinical dental implant. Methods: fifteen adult mandible specimens with complete dentition and 5 fresh specimens perfused through artery were selected to measure the relevant data of mandibular ridge and mandibular canal on each cross section of mandible. Then statistical analysis was carried out. Results: the width of 10mm at the top and bottom of alveolar ridge gradually widened from top to bottom, and the width of alveolar ridge gradually widened from top to bottom. The mandibular canal is located in the lower part of the mandible and moves in the middle of the tongue, and near the lower edge of the mandible. In the first and second molar region of the mandible, the mandibular canal moves parallel to the lower edge of the mandible, and then turns outward and out of the buccal side of the mental foramen when it is near the mental foramen. The vessels in the mandibular canal are located above the inferior alveolar nerve. Conclusion: the multi-section observation and measurement of the mandibular canal in vitro can directly and realistically reflect the quality of the jaw in the dental implant area and the spatial position of the mandibular canal in various directions. To provide accurate and reliable basis for preoperative design of dental implant, so that clinicians can make better operation plan, improve the success rate of dental implant, and prevent the occurrence of complications such as perforation of lateral wall of the neck bone. In order to avoid injury of inferior alveolar nerve, normal anatomic position and emphasis on buccal osseous plate should be used in dental implant. If a large amount of fresh blood suddenly flowed into the mandibular canal during the operation, it was suggested that the inferior alveolar nerve might be damaged by continuing operation.
【學位授予單位】：延邊大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：R322;R783

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