【摘要】：目的 研究食用菌中粉螨孳生情況以及食用菌粉螨的生物多樣性。了解與食用菌粉螨接觸人群中粉螨性變態(tài)反應(yīng)性疾病的流行情況。 方法 對淮南地區(qū)栽培的6種食用菌及其菌種、培養(yǎng)料中孳生的粉螨分別采用直接鏡檢法、電熱集螨法和避光爬附法進行分離、制片,鑒定螨種;并采用Margalef指數(shù)、Shannon-Wiener指數(shù)和Pielou指數(shù),計算其物種豐富度、物種多樣性和物種均勻度。對60名菇房工人進行皮膚點刺試驗和血清粉螨特異性IgE抗體測定。 結(jié)果共分離出粉螨5種,隸屬于3科4屬。不同食用菌中粉螨孳生群落參數(shù)也有所不同,平菇中粉螨孳生密度最高(11.836只/g),白靈菇中最低(1.372只/g);香菇中孳生粉螨的豐富度最高(Rmargalef=0.842),雞腿蘑中最低(Rmargalef=0.240);香菇中孳生粉螨的多樣性最高(H'=2.255),平菇中最低(H'=2.163);白靈菇中孳生粉螨的均勻度最高(J=3.248),香菇中則最低(J=1.401)。一年中粉螨的物種豐富度指數(shù)為0.502～0.982,其中四月份最高,八月份最低;物種多樣性指數(shù)為1.606～1.683,其中三四月份最高,一月份最低;物種均勻度指數(shù)為1.003～1.469,其中一二月份最高,十一月份最低。研究組60名菇房工人中SPT陽性者10名(16.7%),對照組60名健康者中SPT陽性者3名(5.0%),二組比較有顯著性差異(x~2=4.227,p0.05)。研究組中血清特異性IgE陽性有7例(11.7%),對照組中血清特異性IgE陽性有1例(1.7%),二組比較有顯著性差異(x~2=4.821,P0.05)。 結(jié)論 食用菌中有一定的粉螨孳生,應(yīng)引起食用菌栽培者的注意,并可根據(jù)其孳生特點采取相應(yīng)的防制措施。菇房工人粉螨性變態(tài)反應(yīng)感染率明顯低于以往報道,但仍需必要的勞動保護。
[Abstract]:Objective to study the breeding and biodiversity of acaroid mites in edible fungi. To understand the prevalence of acaroid allergy disease in the population exposed to edible fungus acaroid mites. Methods six kinds of edible fungi and their species were isolated from Huainan area. The acaroid mites which were bred in the culture materials were separated by direct microscopic examination, electrothermal mite collection method and light-avoiding climbing method, respectively, and the mites were isolated, sliced and identified. Margalef index, Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou index were used to calculate species richness, species diversity and species evenness. Skin prick test and serum specific IgE antibody of acaroid mites were carried out in 60 mushroom room workers. Results A total of 5 species of acaroid mites were isolated, belonging to 3 families and 4 genera. The population parameters of acaroid mites in different edible fungi were different, and the density of acaroid mites in Pleurotus ostreatus was the highest (11.836 / g),) and the lowest (1.372 / g);). The diversity of acaroid mites was the highest in Lentinus edodes (Rmargalef=0.842), the lowest in Coprinus comatus (Rmargalef=0.240), and the highest in Lentinus edodes (Hf2. 255), and the lowest in Pleurotus ostreatus (H0. 2. 163). The homogeneity of acaroid mites was the highest (JN 3.248) and the lowest in Lentinus edodes (JN 1.401). The species richness index of acaroid mites in one year was 0.5020.982, the highest in April, the lowest in August, and the highest in March and April and the lowest in January. The index of species evenness was 1.003 and 1.469, with the highest in January and February and the lowest in November. The positive rate of SPT was 16. 7% in 60 mushroom room workers in the study group and 3 (5. 0%) in the control group. There was a significant difference between the two groups. Serum specific IgE was positive in 7 cases (11.7%) in the study group and 1 case (1.7%) in the control group. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P 0.05). Conclusion there is a certain breeding of acaroid mites in edible fungi, which should attract the attention of the cultivators of edible fungi and take corresponding control measures according to its breeding characteristics. The infection rate of acaroid hypersensitivity in mushroom house workers is obviously lower than that reported in the past, but it still needs necessary labor protection.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2006
【分類號】：R383

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