【摘要】：新病原性微生物和重新抬頭的病原微生物是當(dāng)前醫(yī)學(xué)界面臨的一個(gè)新的課題,對(duì)人類(lèi)健康構(gòu)成了重大威脅。腸出血性大腸桿菌(EHEC)就是其中之一。腸出血性大腸桿菌(EHEC)屬于埃希菌屬大腸埃希菌種,能引起人出血性腸炎(HC),嚴(yán)重者可致出血性尿毒綜合征(HUS)。在已經(jīng)確定的EHEC的諸多血清型中,O157:H7和O157:H-是最重要的致病血清型。運(yùn)用分子流行病學(xué)技術(shù)對(duì)不同地理區(qū)域,不同時(shí)間和不同來(lái)源的病原體鑒定和分型,這對(duì)識(shí)別傳染病爆發(fā),確定傳染來(lái)源,識(shí)別特殊毒株和對(duì)監(jiān)測(cè)程序有重要意義。有關(guān)O157:H7感染的傳播模式,致病多樣性的機(jī)制以及地區(qū)分布差異問(wèn)題等至今尚未完全闡明。造成此領(lǐng)域知識(shí)缺乏的主要原因是缺乏通用,準(zhǔn)確,有效的分型方法。因此,急需建立一套這樣的O157:H7的分型方法,才有利于進(jìn)一步探討O157:H7的分布規(guī)律,流行特征等。2000年在河南省某縣發(fā)生該省首次大腸桿菌O157:H7感染性腹瀉疫情。從3月17日到7月6日,共發(fā)生病人35例,合并急性腎功能衰竭32例,死亡28例,腎衰病死率87.5%。有關(guān)疾病預(yù)防控制部門(mén)對(duì)此次疫情進(jìn)行了調(diào)查,發(fā)現(xiàn)疫區(qū)家禽家畜廣泛攜帶O157:H7大腸桿菌,并高度懷疑家禽家畜是此次疫情的主要傳染源。因此本研究應(yīng)用RAPD和AFLP技術(shù),對(duì)從疫區(qū)分離的32株大腸桿菌O157:H7進(jìn)行基因分型,建立了RAPD和AFLP指紋圖譜,并結(jié)合統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行聚類(lèi)分析,分別分為14和16種基因型別,確定了
[Abstract]:The new pathogenic microorganism and the newly rising pathogenic microorganism are a new subject in the field of medicine, which poses a great threat to human health. Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is one of them. Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) belongs to Escherichia coli which can cause hemorrhagic enteritis (HC) and haemorrhagic uremic syndrome (HUS) in severe cases. O157: H7 and O157: H- are the most important serotypes of EHEC. Molecular epidemiology is used to identify and type pathogens from different geographical regions, different time and different sources, which is of great significance to identify the outbreak of infectious diseases, to identify the source of infection, to identify special strains and to monitor the disease. The modes of transmission of O157: H7 infection, the mechanism of pathogenicity and the differences in regional distribution have not been fully elucidated up to now. The main reason for the lack of knowledge in this field is the lack of general, accurate and effective classification methods. Therefore, it is urgent to establish such a method for the typing of O157: H7, which is helpful to further study the distribution law and epidemic characteristics of O157: H7. The first infectious diarrhea of E. coli O157: H7 occurred in a county of Henan Province in 2000. From March 17 to July 6, there were 35 patients with acute renal failure (ARF), including 32 patients with acute renal failure (ARF), 28 patients died, and the mortality rate of CRF was 87.5. The disease prevention and control department investigated the outbreak and found that poultry and livestock in the epidemic area widely carried Escherichia coli O157: H7, and highly suspected that poultry and livestock were the main source of infection of the epidemic. Therefore, RAPD and AFLP techniques were used to genotype 32 strains of Escherichia coli O157: H7 isolated from epidemic areas, and RAPD and AFLP fingerprints were established. The genotypes were classified into 14 genotypes and 16 genotypes with statistical software.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2005
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：R378

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