本文選題：神經(jīng)干細(xì)胞 + 缺氧　； 參考：《山東大學(xué)》2006年博士論文

【摘要】：自90年代科學(xué)家們分離、培養(yǎng)出神經(jīng)干細(xì)胞(neural stem cells，NSCs)以來，人們相繼從各種動物及人的中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)(central neural system，CNS)內(nèi)分離、培養(yǎng)出了神經(jīng)干細(xì)胞，因其具有很強(qiáng)的分裂、增殖及自我更新能力，打破了傳統(tǒng)上認(rèn)為神經(jīng)細(xì)胞不能再生的觀念。神經(jīng)干細(xì)胞的發(fā)現(xiàn)對神經(jīng)損傷、神經(jīng)退行性疾病等的治療以及深入研究動物的生長發(fā)育和分化具有重要的意義，為中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)和功能重建提供了新的手段，具有廣闊的應(yīng)用前景，因而神經(jīng)干細(xì)胞的研究也就成了當(dāng)今生命科學(xué)的研究熱點。從神經(jīng)干細(xì)胞的分離、體外培養(yǎng)及其生物學(xué)特性的研究，到移植治療神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病，都取得了可喜的成績。但中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的再生是一個十分復(fù)雜的課題，尚存在大量的未知問題需要進(jìn)一步深入研究。 缺氧缺血性腦損傷是臨床常見病、多發(fā)病，如腦血栓、腦梗塞、腦血管痙攣等，其致死和致殘率很高。缺氧缺血性腦損傷也常發(fā)生于圍產(chǎn)期的胎兒和新生兒，不僅可引起患兒死亡，而且是造成腦癱、癲癇及智力發(fā)育遲緩或智力低下的重要原因。據(jù)統(tǒng)計，國內(nèi)每年約有75萬新生兒發(fā)生窒息，約有25萬嬰兒因此成為傷殘兒或低智兒童。其中約有50％發(fā)生在宮內(nèi)，40％發(fā)生在分娩中，10％發(fā)生在生后。目前國內(nèi)外對缺氧缺血性腦損傷的研究大多借助于腦缺血再灌注動物模型進(jìn)行在體研究，然而在體研究易受體內(nèi)神經(jīng)、體液等多種復(fù)雜因素的影響。神經(jīng)干細(xì)胞的發(fā)現(xiàn)為該病的研究提供了適宜的細(xì)胞模型。本項研究以Wistar大鼠為實驗動物，，從孕11.5天(E11.5d)的胎鼠神經(jīng)管(neural tube，NT)提取、分離培養(yǎng)神經(jīng)干細(xì)胞，并對其進(jìn)行鑒定和體外擴(kuò)增，利用體外培養(yǎng)的方法，較系統(tǒng)
[Abstract]:Since scientists isolated and cultured neural stem cells (NSCs) in 1990s, neural stem cells have been isolated from all kinds of animals and human central nervous system (CNS), and neural stem cells (NSCs) have been cultured because of their strong division. Proliferation and self-renewal have broken the conventional belief that nerve cells cannot regenerate. The discovery of neural stem cells plays an important role in the treatment of nerve injury and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as in the study of animal growth, development and differentiation, and provides a new means for the reconstruction of the structure and function of the central nervous system. It has a broad application prospect, so the research of neural stem cells has become the research hotspot of life science. Great achievements have been made from isolation of neural stem cells, in vitro culture and study of biological characteristics to transplantation of neural stem cells in the treatment of nervous system diseases. However, regeneration of central nervous system (CNS) is a very complex subject, and there are still a lot of unknown problems that need to be further studied. Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury is a common clinical disease with high mortality and disability rate, such as cerebral thrombosis, cerebral infarction and cerebral vasospasm. Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIE) also occurs in perinatal fetuses and newborns, which can not only cause death, but also cause cerebral palsy, epilepsy, mental retardation or mental retardation. According to statistics, about 750000 newborns are asphyxiated each year in China, and about 250000 infants become disabled or retarded children. About 50% of them occurred in intrauterine gyrus, 40% in delivery and 10% in postnatal. At present, the research on hypoxic-ischemic brain injury is mostly carried out in vivo with the aid of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion animal model. However, in vivo research is easy to be affected by many complicated factors such as nerve and body fluid in vivo. The discovery of neural stem cells provides a suitable cell model for the study of the disease. In this study, Wistar rats were used as experimental animals. Neural stem cells were isolated and cultured from fetal rat neural tube-NTs (11.5 days after pregnancy). The neural stem cells were identified and amplified in vitro. The method of culture in vitro was used to compare the system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2006
【分類號】：R363

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