本文選題：粉螨 + 群落結(jié)構(gòu)　； 參考：《安徽理工大學(xué)》2007年碩士論文

【摘要】： 目的研究不同生境中粉螨的群落組成、多樣性和相似性,并調(diào)查倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)害螨優(yōu)勢(shì)種腐食酪螨(Tyrophagus putrescentiae)的種群數(shù)量消長(zhǎng)情況及在倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)小麥中的空間分布型,探討其種群消長(zhǎng)與生態(tài)因子的關(guān)系。 方法在倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)、人居、工作、野外四類生境中采集粉螨樣本,采用直接鏡檢法和電熱集螨法進(jìn)行粉螨的分離、鑒定及計(jì)數(shù),并通過(guò)Margalef指數(shù)、Shannon-Wiener指數(shù)、Pielou指數(shù)、Simpson指數(shù)及Jaccard指數(shù)計(jì)算其物種豐富度、多樣性、均勻度、優(yōu)勢(shì)度及群落相似性。自2005年3月至11月每月5、15、25日于淮南三和糧站定點(diǎn)采集樣本,測(cè)定并記錄倉(cāng)溫及相對(duì)濕度,進(jìn)行腐食酪螨及天敵的鑒定及計(jì)數(shù)。采用擴(kuò)散指標(biāo)、Taylor冪法則及1wao m~*(?)回歸分析法研究腐食酪螨在倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)小麥中的空間分布型:采用灰色關(guān)聯(lián)度分析法研究其種群消長(zhǎng)與生態(tài)因子的關(guān)系。 結(jié)果從4類生境的100個(gè)采樣點(diǎn)中共檢獲粉螨3650只,隸屬于7科20屬,共32種。4類生境的粉螨物種數(shù)S在10～26之間,豐富度指數(shù)R在1.466～3.313之間,多樣性指數(shù)H′在1.905～2.773之間,均勻度指數(shù)J′在0.828～0.864之間,優(yōu)勢(shì)度指數(shù)D在0.080～0.184之間,其中倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)環(huán)境的物種數(shù)、豐富度指數(shù)和多樣性指數(shù)最高,野外環(huán)境的均勻度指數(shù)最高,工作環(huán)境的優(yōu)勢(shì)度指數(shù)最高。工作和野外環(huán)境的群落相似性指數(shù)最低,達(dá)到極度不相似水平。腐食酪螨種群數(shù)量高峰期出現(xiàn)在6月下旬和9月中旬,各擴(kuò)散型指標(biāo)值為I＞0,C_A＞0,m~*/(?)＞1;Taylor冪法則回歸方程為:lg S~2=0.1245+1.4220 lg(?)Iwao m~*—(?)的回歸式為:m~*=3.5036+1.0478(?)。3種生態(tài)因子與腐食酪螨幼螨量消長(zhǎng)的關(guān)聯(lián)序?yàn)閭}(cāng)溫＞天敵數(shù)量＞相對(duì)濕度;與若成螨量消長(zhǎng)的關(guān)聯(lián)序?yàn)橄鄬?duì)濕度＞天敵數(shù)量＞倉(cāng)溫;與整個(gè)種群數(shù)量消長(zhǎng)的關(guān)聯(lián)序?yàn)橄鄬?duì)濕度＞倉(cāng)溫＞天敵數(shù)量。 結(jié)論粉螨群落的結(jié)構(gòu)及多樣性與其生境條件直接相關(guān),而人類活動(dòng)也是較為重要的影響因素。腐食酪螨在倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)小麥中空間格局是以個(gè)體群為基本成份呈聚集分布,且密度越高,聚集度越大。相對(duì)濕度、倉(cāng)溫、天敵數(shù)量為影響腐食酪螨種群消長(zhǎng)的重要生態(tài)因子,該螨種群消長(zhǎng)曲線呈雙峰型,可于6月至9月發(fā)生高峰期對(duì)其進(jìn)行集中防治。
[Abstract]:Objective to study the community composition, diversity and similarity of acaroid mites in different habitats, and to investigate the population growth and decline of Tyrophagus putrescentiaeae, a dominant species of stored mites, and their spatial distribution patterns in stored wheat. The relationship between population growth and decline and ecological factors was discussed. Methods the samples of acaroid mites were collected in storage, human settlement, work and field. The acaroid mites were isolated, identified and counted by direct microscopic examination and electrothermal mite collection. The species richness, diversity, evenness, dominance and community similarity were calculated by Margalef index, Shannon-Wiener index, Pielou index and Jaccard index. From March to November, 2005, samples were collected from Huainan Sanhe Grain Station on May 15 and 25, 2005. The temperature and relative humidity of the storehouse were measured and recorded, and the identification and counting of typhus rot mite and natural enemy were carried out. Using the Taylor's power law and 1wao's power law. Regression analysis was used to study the spatial distribution of typhus rot mite in stored wheat. Grey correlation analysis was used to study the relationship between population growth and decline and ecological factors. Results A total of 3650 mites, belonging to 20 genera and 7 families, were seized from 100 sampling sites in 4 types of habitats. The species number S of 32 species and 4 species of habitats was between 10 and 26, the richness index R was 1.4663.313, and the diversity index H 'was between 1.905 and 2.773. The evenness index J'is between 0.828 and 0.864, and the dominance index D is between 0.080 and 0.184. Among them, the species number, richness index and diversity index of storage environment are the highest, the evenness index of field environment is the highest, and the dominance index of working environment is the highest. The community similarity index between working environment and field environment was the lowest and reached extreme dissimilarity level. The peak population of typhus rot mite occurred in late June and mid-September, and the diffusive index values were I > 0CA > 0 / 0 / D) > 1 / L Taylor's power law regression equation was: 1 / LG / S ~ (2 +) 0.1245 / 1.4220 lg(?)Iwao / m ~ (1)) The correlation order between the ecological factors and the quantity of juvenile mites of typhus rot is as follows: warehouse temperature > number of natural enemies > relative humidity, and the order of correlation with the quantity of adult mites is relative humidity > number of natural enemies > quantity of natural enemies > storehouse temperature, and the regression equation is: 3.5036 1.04780.The correlation order between the ecological factors and the quantity of juvenile mites is as follows: warehouse temperature > natural enemy number > relative humidity; The correlation order with the population quantity is relative humidity > warehouse temperature > natural enemy number. Conclusion the structure and diversity of acaroid mites community are directly related to their habitat conditions, and human activities are also important factors. The spatial pattern of typhus rot mite in storage wheat was clustered distribution with individual group as the basic component, and the higher the density, the greater the aggregation degree. Relative humidity, warehouse temperature and natural enemy number are the important ecological factors that affect the population growth and decline of typhus putrescens. The growth and decline curve of this mite population shows a bimodal pattern, which can be controlled centrally during the peak period from June to September.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號(hào)】：R384.4

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