本文關(guān)鍵詞：大鼠大腦白質(zhì)及其有髓神經(jīng)纖維的體視學(xué)研究　出處：《重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué)》2007年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 白質(zhì) 有髓神經(jīng)纖維 大鼠 老年改變 體視學(xué)

【摘要】： 目的關(guān)于老年大腦的結(jié)構(gòu)改變,幾十年來一直認(rèn)為是由于大腦皮質(zhì)神經(jīng)元的大量死亡造成的。但是丹麥科學(xué)家運(yùn)用新的體視學(xué)方法進(jìn)行的定量研究發(fā)現(xiàn)正常老年大腦不存在顯著性大腦皮質(zhì)神經(jīng)元死亡,而其白質(zhì)體積存在顯著性改變。我們?cè)趪H上首次報(bào)道了老年人大腦白質(zhì)的有髓神經(jīng)纖維總長(zhǎng)度顯著性下降。雖然我們作了一些努力排除具有老年癡呆的病例,但是,要排除早期老年性癡呆病例并不是一件非常容易的事。由于國際上公認(rèn)大鼠不會(huì)患老年癡呆,因此為了排除早期老年性癡呆病例對(duì)正常大腦老年改變研究的影響,本實(shí)驗(yàn)采用Long-Evans大鼠作為實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物,將透射電子顯微鏡技術(shù)與新的體視學(xué)方法結(jié)合起來繼續(xù)探討了大腦白質(zhì)及其內(nèi)有髓神經(jīng)纖維的老年性改變。 第一部分 1材料與方法 1.1 6～8月齡Long-Evans大鼠,雌雄各5只。 1.2從每只大鼠隨機(jī)抽取一側(cè)大腦半球,再從中隨機(jī)抽取4塊白質(zhì)組織塊作成超薄切片,從每張切片上隨機(jī)抽取16個(gè)視野在透射電鏡下放大6000倍拍照。 1.3運(yùn)用體視學(xué)方法分別計(jì)算出雌雄組大鼠大腦白質(zhì)體積、白質(zhì)內(nèi)有髓神經(jīng)纖維長(zhǎng)度密度和總長(zhǎng)度、有髓神經(jīng)纖維平均直徑、白質(zhì)內(nèi)有髓神經(jīng)纖維體積密度和總體積、髓鞘體積密度和總體積。 2結(jié)果 2.1雌性大鼠大腦白質(zhì)總體積為119.57±7.52 mm3,雄性大鼠大腦白質(zhì)總體積為173.22±21.03 mm3,兩組之間的差異為44.9% (P0.05)。 2.2雌性大鼠白質(zhì)內(nèi)有髓神經(jīng)纖維總長(zhǎng)度為129.26±28.78 km,雄性大鼠白質(zhì)內(nèi)有髓神經(jīng)纖維總長(zhǎng)度為190.79±73.49 km,兩組之間的差異為47.7% (P0.05),但是不具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。 2.3雌性大鼠白質(zhì)內(nèi)有髓神經(jīng)纖維平均直徑為0.56±0.03μm,雄性大鼠白質(zhì)內(nèi)有髓神經(jīng)纖維總長(zhǎng)度為0.53±0.04μm,相差4.3% (P0.05),沒有顯著性。 2.4雌性大鼠白質(zhì)內(nèi)有髓神經(jīng)纖維的總體積為58.13±9.34 mm3,雄性大鼠白質(zhì)內(nèi)有髓神經(jīng)纖維的總體積為80.66±10.15 mm3,差異為38.7% (P 0.01)。 2.5雌性大鼠白質(zhì)內(nèi)有髓神經(jīng)纖維髓鞘的總體積為26.83±3.62 mm3,雄性大鼠白質(zhì)內(nèi)有髓神經(jīng)纖維髓鞘的總體積為36.92±6.62 mm3,差異為37.6% (P 0.01)。 第二部分 1材料與方法 1.1 6～8月齡Long-Evans大鼠,雌雄各5只。18月齡Long-Evans大鼠,雌性5只,雄性4只。 1.2從每只大鼠隨機(jī)抽取一側(cè)大腦半球,再從中隨機(jī)抽取4塊白質(zhì)組織塊作成超薄切片,從每張切片上隨機(jī)抽取16個(gè)視野在透射電鏡下放大6000倍拍照。 1.3運(yùn)用體視學(xué)方法分別計(jì)算出年青組和老年組大鼠大腦白質(zhì)總體積、白質(zhì)內(nèi)有髓神經(jīng)纖維長(zhǎng)度密度和總長(zhǎng)度、有髓神經(jīng)纖維平均直徑、白質(zhì)內(nèi)有髓神經(jīng)纖維體積密度和總體積、髓鞘體積密度和總體積。 2結(jié)果 2.1大鼠大腦白質(zhì)體積、白質(zhì)內(nèi)有髓神經(jīng)纖維總長(zhǎng)度分別從年青組的133.34±20.79 mm3和160.02±61.81 km下降到了老年組的101.14±13.73 mm3和94.43±47.75 km,下降率分別為24.1% (P0.01)和41% (P0.05)。老年組大鼠有髓神經(jīng)纖維體積密度、髓鞘體積密度和纖維平均直徑分別增加了30% (P0.01)、23.9% (P0.05)和31% (P0.01)。而老年大鼠有髓神經(jīng)纖維長(zhǎng)度密度、有髓神經(jīng)纖維總體積和髓鞘總體積雖有所下降,但均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。 2.2老年組18月齡雌性大鼠大腦白質(zhì)體積、有髓神經(jīng)纖維長(zhǎng)度密度和總長(zhǎng)度的降低沒有顯著性。有髓神經(jīng)纖維體積密度、有髓神經(jīng)纖維總體積、髓鞘體積密度、髓鞘總體積和有髓神經(jīng)纖維平均直徑均有顯著性的增加,增加率分別為41.7% (P0.01)、29.7% (P0.01)、42.6% (P0.05)、30.0% (P0.05)、21.6% (P0.05)。 2.3老年組18月齡雄性大鼠大腦白質(zhì)體積、有髓神經(jīng)纖維總長(zhǎng)度、有髓神經(jīng)纖維總體積和髓鞘的總體積分別顯著降低了38.8% (P0.01)、66.8% (P0.05)、38.1% (P0.01)和35.2% (P0.05);有髓神經(jīng)纖維直徑顯著性增加了42.6% (P0.01)。而有髓神經(jīng)纖維長(zhǎng)度密度、有髓神經(jīng)纖維體積密度和髓鞘體積密度的改變沒有顯著性。 全文結(jié)論 1.本研究在國際上首次把新的體視學(xué)方法和電子顯微鏡技術(shù)結(jié)合起來定量研究大鼠大腦白質(zhì)及其有髓神經(jīng)纖維的性別差異和老年改變。 2.首次發(fā)現(xiàn)成年雌雄性Long-Evans大鼠大腦白質(zhì)總體積、有髓神經(jīng)纖維總體積和髓鞘的總體積之間均存在性別二相性。 3.證實(shí)了以前在人大腦白質(zhì)的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),即存在老年性大腦白質(zhì)萎縮,白質(zhì)萎縮主要是由于白質(zhì)內(nèi)細(xì)小直徑的有髓神經(jīng)纖維總長(zhǎng)度下降引起的。 4.首次發(fā)現(xiàn)大腦白質(zhì)的老年改變存在性別差異,雄性大鼠大腦白質(zhì)的萎縮和有髓神經(jīng)纖維總長(zhǎng)度的下降要明顯早于雌性動(dòng)物。 5.首次獲得了雄性和雌性大鼠大腦白質(zhì)體積、白質(zhì)內(nèi)有髓神經(jīng)纖維的總長(zhǎng)度和總體積及纖維平均直徑的基本數(shù)值,這些數(shù)值為今后運(yùn)用該動(dòng)物模型探討中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)退化性疾病對(duì)大腦白質(zhì)有髓神經(jīng)纖維的影響提供了重要的參考數(shù)據(jù)
[Abstract]:Change of aged brain, for decades has been considered to be due to the massive death of neurons in the cerebral cortex caused. But the quantitative study of Danish scientists using the new stereological methods were found in normal aged brain no significant death of the neurons in the cortex, and the white matter volume was significantly changed. We in the world first reported the elderly cerebral white matter, the total length of the myelinated nerve fibers decreased significantly. Although we have made some efforts have excluded dementia cases, however, to the exclusion of early Alzheimer's disease is not a very easy thing. Because of the internationally recognized rats don't suffer from Alzheimer's disease, in order to exclude in early Alzheimer's disease cases the effect of the changes of normal brain aging, this experiment using Long-Evans rats as experimental animal, the transmission electron microscopy Combined with new stereological methods, mirror technology continues to explore the age-related changes in white matter and its intramedullary nerve fibers in the brain.
Part one
1 materials and methods
1.16 to 8 month old Long-Evans rats, 5 male and female.
1.2 randomly selected one hemisphere from each rat, and then randomly selected 4 white matter tissue blocks to make ultrathin slices. 16 slices of vision were randomly selected from each slice, magnified 6000 times under transmission electron microscope.
1.3 stereological method was used to calculate the volume of white matter, the length and total length of myelinated nerve fibers in white and male rats, the average diameter of myelinated nerve fibers, the volume density and total volume of myelinated nerve fibers in white matter, the volume density and total volume of myelin sheath.
2 Results
The total volume of white matter in the brain of 2.1 female rats was 119.57 + 7.52 mm3, the total volume of white matter in the male rats was 173.22 + 21.03 mm3, and the difference between the two groups was 44.9% (P0.05).
2.2, the total length of myelinated nerve fibers in white matter of female rats is 129.26 + 28.78 km. The total length of myelinated nerve fibers in male rats is 190.79 + 73.49 km, and the difference between two groups is 47.7% (P0.05), but not statistically significant.
2.3 the average diameter of myelinated nerve fibers in white matter of female rats is 0.56 + 0.03 m. The total length of myelinated nerve fibers in male rats is 0.53 + 0.04 m, and the difference is 4.3% (P0.05), with no significant difference.
2.4 the total volume of myelinated nerve fibers in white matter of female rats was 58.13 + 9.34 mm3, and the total volume of myelinated nerve fibers in male rats was 80.66 + 10.15 mm3, with a difference of 38.7% (P 0.01).
2.5 the total volume of myelinated nerve fibers in the white matter of female rats was 26.83 + 3.62 mm3, and the total volume of myelinated nerve fibers in the white matter of male rats was 36.92 + 6.62 mm3, with a difference of 37.6% (P 0.01).
The second part
1 materials and methods
1.16 to 8 month old Long-Evans rats, 5.18 month old Long-Evans rats, 5 females and 4 males.
1.2 randomly selected one hemisphere from each rat, and then randomly selected 4 white matter tissue blocks to make ultrathin slices. 16 slices of vision were randomly selected from each slice, magnified 6000 times under transmission electron microscope.
1.3 use stered calculated total volume of young and old rats brain white matter methodology, myelinated fibers in the white matter of the length density and total length, the mean diameter of the myelinated fibers, the myelinated fibers in the white matter volume density and total volume of myelin, volume density and total volume.
2 Results
The 2.1 volume of cerebral white matter in rats, the white matter in the total length of the myelinated nerve fibers from the young group of 133.34 + 20.79 and 160.02 + 61.81 mm3 km down to the elderly group of 101.14 + 13.73 + 47.75 mm3 and 94.43 km, the decreasing rate were 24.1% (P0.01) and 41% (P0.05) in elderly group. Rat myelinated nerve fiber volume density, average diameter and volume density of myelin fibers were increased by 30% (P0.01), 23.9% (P0.05) and 31% (P0.01). The old rats myelinated fiber length density, the total volume of the total volume of the myelinated fibers and myelin has decreased, but there was no statistical significance.
The 2.2 group of 18 month old elderly female rat brain white matter volume, reduce the myelinated fiber length density and total length was not significant. The myelinated nerve fiber volume density, the total volume of the myelinated nerve fibers and myelin volume density, the total volume of myelin and increased the mean diameter of the myelinated fibers were significantly increased, the rate of were 41.7% (P0.01), 29.7% (P0.01), 42.6% (P0.05), 30% (P0.05), 21.6% (P0.05).
2.3 of the elderly group of 18 month old male rat brain white matter volume, the total length of the myelinated fibers, the total volume of the total volume of the myelinated fibers and the myelin sheath were significantly decreased by 38.8% (P0.01), 66.8% (P0.05), 38.1% (P0.01) and 35.2% (P0.05); myelinated nerve fiber diameter significantly an increase of 42.6% (P0.01). The myelinated fiber length density, volume density of myelinated nerve fibers and myelin volume density change was not significant.
Full text conclusion
1., for the first time in the world, the new stereology method and electron microscopy technology were applied in the world to quantitatively study gender differences and elderly changes in white matter and myelinated nerve fibers of rats.
2. we found that adult male and female Long-Evans rats of cerebral white matter volume, there are gender dimorphism between the total volume of the total volume of the myelinated fibers and the myelin sheath.
3., it is confirmed that previous studies in the white matter of the NPC showed that there existed aging brain white matter atrophy and white matter atrophy, mainly due to the decrease of the total length of the small diameter myelinated nerve fibers in the white matter.
4., for the first time, there were gender differences in the aging of white matter in the brain. The atrophy of white matter and the total length of myelinated nerve fibers in male rats were significantly lower than those in females.
5. for male and female rats brain white matter volume, white matter within the basic numerical average diameter of the total length of the myelinated nerve fibers and the total volume and fiber, these values for the future use of the animal model of central nervous system degenerative diseases of myelinated fibers influence provide important reference data to the brain white matter

【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號(hào)】：R329.54

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1 閔琦s，

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