【摘要】：牦牛是我國(guó)特有的畜種資源。耐低氧環(huán)境，以高寒草地牧草資源為食，為當(dāng)?shù)啬撩裉峁o(wú)可替代的生活資料和生產(chǎn)資料，，是高寒草地畜牧業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的重要支柱。消化道黏膜不僅是牦牛消化、吸收營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的場(chǎng)所，且具有重要的免疫屏障,而胃是家畜消化系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分。 為了揭示牦牛皺胃組織結(jié)構(gòu)和黏膜免疫相關(guān)細(xì)胞的分布與數(shù)量變化的規(guī)律，本研究采用組織化學(xué)法、圖像分析法及透射電鏡技術(shù)，對(duì)牦牛皺胃組織結(jié)構(gòu)及上皮內(nèi)淋巴細(xì)胞、漿細(xì)胞和肥大細(xì)胞變化進(jìn)行了研究。結(jié)果表明：牦牛皺胃胃壁由黏膜層、黏膜下層、肌層和漿膜構(gòu)成。皺胃幽門腺區(qū)胃小凹深度最深（幽門腺區(qū)275.2±59.8μm，胃底腺區(qū)144.1±52.9μm，賁門腺區(qū)為143.9±41.4μm）、腺體最長(zhǎng)（幽門腺區(qū)827.4±114.71μm，胃底腺區(qū)721.1±120.8μm，賁門腺區(qū)624.4±137.1μm）、肌層最厚（幽門腺區(qū)96.1±17.8μm，胃底腺區(qū)44.1±8.9μm，賁門腺區(qū)25.4±9.1μm）；三個(gè)腺區(qū)肌層厚度、腺體長(zhǎng)度之間差異極顯著（P0.01）；幽門腺區(qū)與胃底腺區(qū)、賁門腺區(qū)之間胃小凹差異極顯著（P0.01），胃底腺區(qū)與賁門腺區(qū)之間差異不顯著（P0.05）。牦牛皺胃黏膜上皮內(nèi)淋巴細(xì)胞數(shù)量(胃底腺區(qū)2.7±1.8，賁門腺區(qū)2.6±1.7，幽門腺區(qū)2.1±1.6)和漿細(xì)胞數(shù)量(賁門腺區(qū)5.7±2.5，胃底腺區(qū)5.1±1.3，幽門腺區(qū)4.5±2.1)，三個(gè)腺區(qū)之間差異不顯著（P0.05）；肥大細(xì)胞數(shù)量以胃底腺區(qū)最多（26.4±3.3），幽門腺區(qū)最少（20.7±5.0），兩者之間差異極顯著（P0.01），賁門腺區(qū)居中（23.3±4.4）且與胃底腺區(qū)和幽門腺區(qū)之間差異不顯著（P0.05）。皺胃各腺區(qū)固有層中均有大量的彌散淋巴細(xì)胞和孤立淋巴小結(jié)。電鏡觀察表明，胃小凹柱狀上皮細(xì)胞排列緊密。幽門腺區(qū)固有層中有大量的黏液細(xì)胞，黏液細(xì)胞呈高柱狀或錐體狀，核位于基底部，在細(xì)胞頂端常聚集有較多的電子密度較高的顆粒。胃底腺區(qū)和賁門腺區(qū)有大量的壁細(xì)胞和主細(xì)胞。漿細(xì)胞呈不規(guī)則的卵圓形，核呈圓形；胞漿中充滿游離的核糖體和大量的粗面內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)；肥大細(xì)胞呈橢圓形或不規(guī)則，胞質(zhì)內(nèi)有大量電子密度強(qiáng)的膜包顆粒（異染顆粒）。 牦牛皺胃的組織結(jié)構(gòu)和其他反芻動(dòng)物基本相似，但各層有其明顯特點(diǎn)。牦牛皺胃各腺區(qū)固有層中均有大量彌散淋巴細(xì)胞和孤立淋巴小結(jié)，使牦牛皺胃具有比其他反芻動(dòng)物更強(qiáng)的黏膜免疫功能。
[Abstract]:Yak is a unique animal resource in China. It is an important pillar of animal husbandry economy in alpine grassland to provide irreplaceable means of living and means of production for local herdsmen in hypoxia-tolerant environment and feed on alpine grassland forage resources. Digestive tract mucosa is not only a place for yak to digest and absorb nutrients, but also has an important immune barrier, and stomach is an important part of livestock digestive system. In order to reveal the distribution and quantity of abomasum tissue structure and mucous membrane immune related cells in yak, histochemical method, image analysis and transmission electron microscope were used to analyze the abomasum tissue structure and intraepithelial lymphocytes of yak. The changes of plasma cells and mastocytes were studied. The results showed that the wrinkle stomach wall of yak was composed of mucous layer, submucous layer, muscle layer and serosa. The depth of gastric fovea in the abomasum is the deepest (275.2 鹵598 渭 m in the glottic gland, 144.1 鹵52.9 渭 m in the fundus gland, 143.9 鹵41.4 渭 m in the cardiac gland), and the longest (827.4 鹵114.71 渭 m) and 721.1 鹵120.8 渭 m in the fundus gland of the abomasum. The cardiac gland area was 624.4 鹵137.1 渭 m), and the muscle layer was the thickest (96.1 鹵17.8 渭 m in the globus gland area, 44.1 鹵8.9 渭 m in the gastric fundus gland area and 25.4 鹵9.1 渭 m in the cardiac gland area). There were significant differences in the thickness of muscle layer and the length of gland among the three regions (P 0.01). There was significant difference in gastric fovea between gastric fundus gland area and cardiac gland area (P 0.01), but there was no significant difference between gastric fundus gland area and cardiac gland area (P 0.05). The number of intraepithelial lymphocytes in abomasal mucosa of yak (2.7 鹵1.8 in gastric fundus gland, 2.6 鹵1.7 in cardiac gland, 2.1 鹵1.6 in HP) and plasma cell (5.7 鹵2.5 in cardiac gland and 5.1 鹵1.3 in gastric fundus gland). The thyroid gland area was 4.5 鹵2.1), and there was no significant difference among the three gland regions (P 0.05). The number of mast cells was the highest in the fundus gland area (26.4 鹵3.3) and the lowest in the pylorus gland area (20.7 鹵5.0). There was a significant difference between the two groups (P 0.01). The cardiac gland area was in the middle (23.3 鹵4.4) and there was no significant difference between the cardiac gland area and the fundus gland area and the glottic gland area (P 0.05). There are a large number of diffused lymphocytes and isolated lymphoid nodules in the lamina propria of abomasum. Electron microscopic observation showed that the columnar epithelial cells of small concave stomach were arranged closely. There are a large number of mucinous cells in the lamina propria of the pylorus gland. The mucinous cells are highly columnar or pyramidal. The nucleus is located at the bottom of the base and there are often more particles with high electron density at the top of the cells. There are a large number of parietal cells and main cells in the fundus gland and cardiac gland. The plasma cells were irregular ovoid and the nucleus was round; the cytoplasm was full of free ribosomes and a large number of rough endoplasmic reticulum; the mastocytes were oval or irregular, and there were a large number of membrane particles (hetero-staining particles) with strong electron density in the cytoplasm. The tissue structure of wrinkled stomach of yak is basically similar to that of other ruminants, but each layer has its obvious characteristics. There are a large number of diffused lymphocytes and isolated lymphoid nodules in the lamina propria of each gland area of yak wrinkle stomach, which makes yak wrinkle stomach have stronger mucous membrane immune function than other ruminants.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：R392

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