【摘要】：腦干一直被認(rèn)為是神經(jīng)外科手術(shù)操作的禁區(qū),手術(shù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)大且術(shù)后并發(fā)癥多。腦干內(nèi)神經(jīng)核團(tuán)的空間形態(tài)、空間位置及相互毗鄰關(guān)系,也都沒(méi)有過(guò)精確、定量地描述。本研究通過(guò)對(duì)楔束核的三維重建,研究其三維的形態(tài)和位置,可為今后腦干核團(tuán)的精確定位定態(tài)研究提供方法參考,為臨床手術(shù)提供數(shù)據(jù)參考。 首先,確定參照系。以方便于研究和臨床應(yīng)用為原則,建立適合于對(duì)腦干神經(jīng)核團(tuán)進(jìn)行定位定態(tài)的參照坐標(biāo)系。 然后,獲取連續(xù)切片圖像。選取2例健康無(wú)病變的成年男性腦干,在坐標(biāo)系的指導(dǎo)下使用分塊組織切片法對(duì)腦干標(biāo)本進(jìn)行切割定位。對(duì)切割后的樣本塊,用組織切片法法制作石蠟切片。通過(guò)對(duì)HE染色、改良的蘇木素染色、氨銀染色與焦油紫染色等各染色法進(jìn)行對(duì)比試驗(yàn),確定焦油紫染色為本研究的染色方法。以此法對(duì)各層的延髓石蠟切片進(jìn)行染色,使用正置顯微鏡拍攝各層切片的數(shù)字圖像,得到延髓圖譜。 接著,進(jìn)行三維重建。對(duì)圖像進(jìn)行校正處理,使用自動(dòng)分割+手工分割相結(jié)合的方法進(jìn)行圖像分割,得到楔束核的二維輪廓圖像數(shù)據(jù)。使用移動(dòng)立方體(Marching Cube)法進(jìn)行三維重建,獲得三維形態(tài)模型。 最后,測(cè)量三維數(shù)據(jù)并進(jìn)行形狀平均。對(duì)2例楔束核三維形態(tài)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行測(cè)量,用符號(hào)距離圖疊加法對(duì)2個(gè)楔束核形狀進(jìn)行平均,獲得一個(gè)平均的楔束核形狀并測(cè)量其三維指標(biāo)。通過(guò)研究,取得了連續(xù)的、清晰顯示核團(tuán)的延髓圖譜,獲得各例楔束核及平均楔束核的曲面平滑、自然逼真的三維形態(tài)模型,測(cè)得了各例楔束核及平均楔束核的三維形態(tài)數(shù)據(jù) 數(shù)據(jù)表明,楔束核是呈左右對(duì)稱且形狀不規(guī)則的一對(duì)神經(jīng)核團(tuán),左側(cè)核團(tuán)稍大于右側(cè)。左側(cè)核團(tuán)的長(zhǎng)度是9.845mm,寬度為5.827mm,高度是5.631mm,體積為137.1mm3；右側(cè)核團(tuán)長(zhǎng)度是9.124mm,寬度是6.143mm,高度是5.355mm,體積是130.4mm3。
[Abstract]:Brainstem has been considered a closed area for neurosurgery, with high risk and postoperative complications. The spatial shape, position and relationship of the nerve nuclei in the brain stem are not accurately and quantitatively described. In this study, the three-dimensional reconstruction of wedge nucleus and its three-dimensional morphology and location can be used as a reference for the precise localization and steady-state study of brainstem nuclei and for the clinical operation. First, determine the frame of reference. Based on the principle of convenience for research and clinical application, a reference coordinate system suitable for locating and stationary brainstem nerve nuclei was established. Then, the serial slice image is obtained. Under the guidance of coordinate system, two healthy adult male brainstem specimens were cut and located by using the method of segmental tissue section. The paraffin sections of the cut samples were made by the method of tissue section. The HE staining, improved hematoxylin staining, ammonia silver staining and tar violet staining were compared to determine the tar violet staining method. The paraffin sections of the medulla oblongata were stained by this method, and the digital images of the sections were taken by using the positive microscope to obtain the map of the medulla oblongata. Then, three-dimensional reconstruction is carried out. The image is corrected and the 2D contour image data of wedge kernel is obtained by combining automatic segmentation and manual segmentation. The moving cube (Marching Cube) method is used to reconstruct the 3D shape model. Finally, the three-dimensional data are measured and the shape is averaged. The shape of two wedge nuclei was measured and the mean shape of two wedge nuclei was measured by the symbolic distance map superposition method. The mean shape of the wedge nucleus was obtained and its three dimensional index was measured. Continuous and clear map of medulla oblongata was obtained, and a smooth, natural and realistic 3D shape model of each case of wedge nucleus and mean wedge nucleus was obtained. Three-dimensional morphological data of the cuneiform nucleus and the mean cuneiform nucleus of each case showed that the nucleus of the cuneiform nucleus was a pair of nerve nuclei which were symmetrical and irregular in shape, and the left nucleus was a little larger than the right one. The length, width, height and volume of the left nucleus were 9.845mm, 5.827mm, 5.631mm and 137.1mm3, respectively, while the length, width, height and volume of the right nucleus were 9.124mm, 6.143mm, 5.355mm and 130.4mm, respectively.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：杭州師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：R322

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本文編號(hào)：2230111