本文選題：海馬 + 振蕩　； 參考：《華東師范大學》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：目前關(guān)于自發(fā)節(jié)律性活動的產(chǎn)生及錐體細胞的同步化機制的探討,主要觀點有兩種：(1)大腦中存在少量的Pacemaker細胞,它們可以產(chǎn)生自發(fā)活動,從而帶動群體細胞的同步化活動；(2)另一主要觀點認為自發(fā)節(jié)律性活動的產(chǎn)生是由神經(jīng)環(huán)路中群體細胞共同相互作用帶動大量細胞同步化活動的。如GABA能的中間神經(jīng)元的軸突存在大量分枝,通過這些分枝可以增強對局部范圍內(nèi)的群體錐體細胞的同步化抑制。 針對大腦的節(jié)律性活動的研究主要集中在兩個方面：(1)神經(jīng)細胞節(jié)律性活動的細胞化學機制(2)節(jié)律性活動如何產(chǎn)生,傳播并影響群體細胞的同步化。 而關(guān)于這兩方面的研究主要集中在離體海馬腦片及在體多通道記錄。海馬腦片的制備往往是在剝離海馬后,利用振動切片機將其切成400μm厚的薄片,多用于突觸水平的研究。而切取腦片的這一過程會損壞大量的纖維,導致突觸連接的通路被阻斷,從而破壞了海馬內(nèi)部復雜的環(huán)路,影響單個神經(jīng)細胞的信號輸入與輸出。在體多通道研究可以記錄到動物清醒狀態(tài)下,海馬對多信號輸入的整合處理結(jié)果,更符合生理水平的研究。而本實驗選用的實驗材料是離體完整海馬,記錄到自發(fā)產(chǎn)生的低頻節(jié)律性振蕩。該實驗材料的選擇,保證了海馬內(nèi)部復雜環(huán)路的完整性,也排除了其他腦區(qū)信號輸入的干擾,更有利于研究海馬自發(fā)活動產(chǎn)生的根源。 1. GABAA受體活動介導的海馬CA3-CA1區(qū)的同步性自發(fā)活動 目前關(guān)于海馬的節(jié)律性活動的研究,主要集中在兩個方面,一是海馬細胞節(jié)律性活動產(chǎn)生的機制,另一方面是節(jié)律性活動的傳播及如何影響群體細胞的同步化。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)離體完整海馬可以自發(fā)產(chǎn)生低頻節(jié)律性振蕩(0.8-2Hz),而且同時記錄的局部場電位和全細胞記錄顯示,這種自發(fā)活動在同時記錄的CA1-CA1, CA3-CA3及CA3-CA1錐體細胞之間是同步化的。灌流液中加入GABAA受體阻斷劑Bicuculline可以顯著性降低自發(fā)活動的頻率,而不影響錐體細胞的同步化。Ih通道胞外阻斷劑ZD7288也可以降低自發(fā)活動的頻率,仍不影響錐體細胞自發(fā)活動的同步化。而在加入AMPA受體阻斷劑DNQX后,低頻自發(fā)活動消失�？傊�,離體完整海馬自發(fā)產(chǎn)生的低頻振蕩,是AMPA受體依賴的,而且這種自發(fā)活動的產(chǎn)生與GABAA受體和Ih通道的作用密切相關(guān)。 2.海馬CA3與CA1之間的突觸聯(lián)系 關(guān)于海馬不同細胞間的突觸聯(lián)系的研究主要在海馬腦片上進行的,一般是突觸前給予單個或串刺激,分析突觸后的反應(yīng)。而腦片制備的過程中大量的纖維被切斷,導致突觸聯(lián)系受損。但完整海馬內(nèi)部的網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)路及突觸聯(lián)系保持完整,這更有利于單獨分析單個CA3錐體細胞與CA1錐體細胞之間的聯(lián)系概率。我們在這種實驗材料的基礎(chǔ)上,記錄了10對細胞,其中3對有明顯的突觸后興奮性反應(yīng),反應(yīng)幅度一般在2pA。這一概率明顯高于在腦片上記錄到的突觸聯(lián)系概率。在我們所建立的離體完整海馬模型上,可以更精確的記錄CA3-CA1之間的投射概率,對于海馬功能的研究提供更好的基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:There are two main points of view about the generation of spontaneous rhythmic activity and the synchronization mechanism of pyramidal cells: (1) there are a small number of Pacemaker cells in the brain that can produce spontaneous activity, thus driving the synchrotron activity of the group cells; (2) the other main point of view is that spontaneous rhythmic activity is produced by the nerve. The common interaction of the group cells in the loop drives a large number of cell synchronization activities, such as a large number of branching in the axons of the intermediate neurons of the GABA, which can enhance the synchronization inhibition of the local pyramidal cells in a local area.
The research on rhythmic activity of the brain focuses on two aspects: (1) the cytochemical mechanism of the rhythmic activity of neural cells (2) how rhythmic activity is produced, spreading and affecting the synchronization of group cells.
The study of these two aspects is mainly focused on the isolated hippocampal slices and in vivo multichannel recording. The preparation of hippocampal slices is often used to cut into 400 mu m thick slices with a vibratory slice machine after the exfoliation of the hippocampus. The process of cutting brain slices can damage a large number of fibers and lead to synaptic connections. The road is blocked, which destroys the complex loop inside the hippocampus and affects the signal input and output of a single nerve cell. In the body multichannel study, the integrated processing results of the multiple signal input of the hippocampus can be recorded in the sober state of the animal. The experimental material used in this experiment is a complete hippocampus in vitro. The selection of the experimental materials ensures the integrity of the complex loop inside the hippocampus and the interference of signal input from other brain regions, which is more conducive to the study of the origin of the spontaneous activity of the hippocampus.
1. GABAA receptor activity mediates synchronous spontaneous activity in hippocampal CA3-CA1 region.
At present, the study of rhythmic activity in the hippocampus focuses on two aspects, one is the mechanism of rhythmic activity in the hippocampus, the other is the propagation of rhythmic activity and how to synchronize the group cells. We find that the intact hippocampus can spontaneously produce low frequency rhythmic oscillations (0.8-2Hz), and it is recorded at the same time. The local field potential and whole cell record showed that the spontaneous activity was synchronized between the CA1-CA1, CA3-CA3 and CA3-CA1 pyramidal cells recorded at the same time. The addition of GABAA receptor blocker Bicuculline in the perfusion solution could significantly reduce the frequency of spontaneous activity, without affecting the synchronous.Ih channel extracellular blocker ZD7288 in pyramidal cells. It can also reduce the frequency of spontaneous activity, but it does not affect the synchronization of spontaneous activity of the pyramidal cells. The spontaneous activity of low frequency disappears after adding the AMPA receptor blocker DNQX. In a word, the spontaneous oscillation of the intact hippocampus is dependent on the AMPA receptor, and the spontaneous activity is closely related to the effect of the GABAA receptor and the Ih channel. Relevant.
2. synaptic connections between CA3 and CA1 in the hippocampus
The study of synaptic connections between different cells in the hippocampus is mainly carried out on the hippocampal slices. Generally, a single or series of stimuli are given before synapses to analyze the post synaptic response. The synapses are damaged by a large number of fibers during the preparation of the brain slices, but the complete network loop and synaptic connections within the inner hippocampus remain intact. On the basis of this experimental material, 10 pairs of cells were recorded on the basis of this experimental material, of which 3 pairs had obvious postsynaptic excitability reactions, and the probability of the reaction was generally higher than the probability of the synaptic connections recorded on the brain slices in the 2pA.. The established intact hippocampal model can more accurately record the projection probability between CA3-CA1 and provide a better basis for the study of hippocampal function.
【學位授予單位】：華東師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：R33

【共引文獻】

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