發(fā)布時間：2018-04-04 09:15

  本文選題：膀胱動力泵　切入點：尿道閥　出處：《廣東工業(yè)大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：神經(jīng)源性膀胱是指由于人體控制排尿的中樞神經(jīng)受到損害而引起的膀胱排尿功能障礙。該病可引發(fā)膀胱結(jié)石、泌尿系統(tǒng)感染、腎功能衰竭等并發(fā)癥,給病人帶來極大的痛苦,對其治療或輔助病人排尿是醫(yī)學界公認的難題。目前,對神經(jīng)源性膀胱治療尚無有效辦法。針對此問題,本課題提出了一種體外電磁驅(qū)動的膀胱動力泵。通過體外電磁鐵產(chǎn)生的電磁場對體內(nèi)磁動子產(chǎn)生電磁驅(qū)動力,調(diào)節(jié)尿道口和輸尿管口開閉,壓迫膀胱排尿。模擬實驗證明該泵工作原理可行,但開啟尿道口所需的電磁驅(qū)動力較大,導致電磁鐵結(jié)構(gòu)較大。為了優(yōu)化膀胱動力泵的結(jié)構(gòu),有必要對其尿液配流機構(gòu)做出改進。 為此,本文設計了一種新型的膀胱動力泵尿道閥。運用電磁學理論和流體力學理論,建立了尿道閥的數(shù)學模型,利用該模型仿真分析了電流和氣隙等不同因素對尿道閥特性的影響。通過仿真和實驗對比,驗證了所建立模型的有效性。在模擬實驗臺上,研究了尿道閥對膀胱動力泵排尿動力特性的影響規(guī)律。結(jié)果表明：增大電磁鐵電流、減小電磁鐵與尿道閥之間的氣隙,有利于提高最大尿流率、縮短尿流時間。 尿道閥是膀胱動力泵實現(xiàn)尿液配流的重要部件,一旦發(fā)生失效,將導致泵失去輔助排尿作用。因此,研究提高尿道閥的可靠性具有重要的意義。為了提高尿道閥的工作可靠性,根據(jù)尿道閥的結(jié)構(gòu)原理及故障樹,建立了尿道閥可靠性仿真模型。基于蒙特卡羅方法基本思想,提出了尿道閥可靠性仿真算法,并仿真計算了尿道閥的可靠度、失效概率、底事件重要度和模式重要度等指標。仿真與實驗結(jié)果表明：尿道閥壽命達到50000次的可靠度為0.73；彈性帶脫落和老化是尿道閥的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)。 研究結(jié)果可為膀胱動力泵特性分析和結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化設計提供依據(jù),為設計新型的輔助排尿裝置提供指導,對合理設計適用于人體的生物醫(yī)學裝置有參考作用。
[Abstract]:Neurogenic bladder refers to the bladder urination dysfunction caused by the damage to the central nervous system of human controlled urination.The disease can lead to bladder stone, urinary system infection, renal failure and other complications, and bring great pain to patients. It is a difficult problem to treat or assist patients to urinate.At present, there is no effective method for the treatment of neurogenic bladder.In order to solve this problem, a bladder dynamic pump driven by electromagnetism in vitro is proposed.The electromagnetic field produced by electromagnet in vitro produces electromagnetic driving force on magnetomagnetic movemons in vivo, adjusts the opening and closing of ureteral and ureteral orifice, and compresses bladder urination.The simulation results show that the pump is feasible, but the electromagnetic driving force needed to open the urethra is larger, which leads to the larger electromagnet structure.In order to optimize the structure of bladder power pump, it is necessary to improve its urine flow distribution mechanism.Therefore, a new type of bladder dynamic pump urethral valve is designed in this paper.The mathematical model of urethral valve was established by using electromagnetic theory and hydrodynamic theory. The effects of different factors such as current and air gap on the characteristics of urethral valve were simulated and analyzed.The validity of the proposed model is verified by simulation and experiment.The effect of urethral valve on the urination characteristics of bladder power pump was studied on a simulated test bench.The results show that increasing the electromagnet current and reducing the air gap between the electromagnet and the urethral valve can increase the maximum urinary flow rate and shorten the urinary flow time.Urethral valve is an important part of bladder power pump to realize urine flow distribution. Once failure occurs, the pump will lose its auxiliary urination function.Therefore, it is of great significance to study and improve the reliability of urethral valves.In order to improve the reliability of urethral valve, the simulation model of urethral valve reliability was established according to the structure principle and fault tree of urethral valve.Based on the basic idea of Monte Carlo method, the reliability simulation algorithm of urethral valve is proposed, and the reliability, failure probability, bottom event importance and mode importance of urethral valve are simulated and calculated.The results of simulation and experiment show that the reliability of urethral valve is 0.73 when the life of urethral valve reaches 50000 times, and the weak link of urethral valve is the falling off and aging of elastic belt.The results can provide the basis for the characteristic analysis and structural optimization design of the bladder power pump, provide guidance for the design of a new type of auxiliary urination device, and can be used as a reference for the rational design of the biomedical device suitable for human body.
【學位授予單位】：廣東工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R311

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本文編號：1709318