本文選題：老年人　切入點(diǎn)：心理生理性障礙　出處：《中國(guó)全科醫(yī)學(xué)》2017年30期

【摘要】：目的調(diào)查上海市社區(qū)老年人常見(jiàn)心理問(wèn)題的現(xiàn)況,并探究其影響因素,為老年人社區(qū)心理健康服務(wù)提供基礎(chǔ)資料。方法 2015-10-15至2015-12-30,采用整群隨機(jī)抽樣方法,在上海市靜安區(qū)6個(gè)居委會(huì)中抽取≥60歲的社區(qū)老年人600例為調(diào)查對(duì)象。采用自填問(wèn)卷為主、當(dāng)面訪問(wèn)為輔的方法進(jìn)行問(wèn)卷調(diào)查。調(diào)查問(wèn)卷由篩查部分和功能評(píng)估兩部分組成,其中篩查部分包括人口學(xué)資料(性別、年齡、文化程度、職業(yè)性質(zhì))、生活習(xí)慣和健康狀況(吸煙、飲酒、飲茶、運(yùn)動(dòng)、業(yè)余愛(ài)好、飲食習(xí)慣、老年期午睡習(xí)慣),功能評(píng)估部分包括記憶功能障礙自評(píng)表(AD8)、焦慮自評(píng)量表(SAS)、老年抑郁量表(GDS)、社會(huì)支持評(píng)定量表(SSRS)、日常生活能力量表(ADL)。結(jié)果本研究共發(fā)放調(diào)查問(wèn)卷600份,回收有效問(wèn)卷600份,有效回收率100.0%。600例老年人中,記憶功能障礙68例(11.3%),焦慮56例(9.3%),抑郁65例(10.8%)。多因素Logistic回歸分析結(jié)果顯示,性別、年齡、文化程度、職業(yè)性質(zhì)、飲茶、運(yùn)動(dòng)、業(yè)余愛(ài)好、飲食習(xí)慣(素食為主)、老年期午睡習(xí)慣、SSRS總分、主觀支持維度得分、日常生活能力明顯障礙、日常生活能力不同程度下降是老年人記憶功能障礙的影響因素(P0.05)。性別、年齡、文化程度、職業(yè)性質(zhì)、運(yùn)動(dòng)、業(yè)余愛(ài)好、飲食習(xí)慣、老年期午睡習(xí)慣、SSRS總分、主觀支持維度得分、客觀支持維度得分、日常生活能力明顯障礙、日常生活能力不同程度下降是老年人焦慮的影響因素(P0.05)。性別、年齡、文化程度、職業(yè)性質(zhì)、運(yùn)動(dòng)、業(yè)余愛(ài)好、飲食習(xí)慣、老年期午睡習(xí)慣、SSRS總分、主觀支持維度得分、客觀支持維度得分、對(duì)支持的利用維度得分、日常生活能力明顯障礙、日常生活能力不同程度下降是老年人抑郁的影響因素(P0.05)。結(jié)論上海市靜安區(qū)社區(qū)老年人心理問(wèn)題中,記憶功能障礙、焦慮、抑郁發(fā)生率分別為11.3%、9.3%、10.8%,這些心理問(wèn)題發(fā)生與不良的生活方式有關(guān),因此應(yīng)鼓勵(lì)老年人培養(yǎng)正確健康的生活方式,適當(dāng)增加體育運(yùn)動(dòng)、飲茶、午睡,保持日常生活勞動(dòng)是老年人保持健康、預(yù)防心理疾病最基本的措施,可促進(jìn)健康老齡化。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate the prevalence of common psychological problems among the elderly in community in Shanghai, and to explore the influencing factors, and to provide basic data for the community mental health services of the elderly. Methods from 2015-10-15 to 2015-12-30, cluster random sampling was used. 600 elderly people aged more than 60 years were selected from 6 neighborhood committees in Jing'an District of Shanghai. The questionnaire was conducted by self-filling questionnaire, supplemented by in-person interview. The questionnaire was composed of two parts: screening part and function evaluation part. The screening section includes demographic data (sex, age, education, occupation, lifestyle and health status) (smoking, drinking, tea drinking, exercise, hobbies, eating habits, etc.). The functional evaluation included AD8, SAS, GDSs, SSRS, ADL and ADL. Results 600 questionnaires were distributed in this study. Six hundred valid questionnaires were collected, and the effective recovery rate was 100.0.600 elderly patients, 68 patients with memory dysfunction, 56 patients with anxiety, 65 patients with depression and 10.8.The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that sex, age, education, professional nature, tea drinking, exercise, and so on. Hobbies, eating habits (vegetarian diet, elderly napping habits, total score of SSRS, subjective support dimension score, significant impairment of daily life ability, decline of daily life ability are the influencing factors of memory dysfunction in the elderly P0.05. gender, P < 0.05, P < 0.05). Age, education, occupation, sports, hobbies, eating habits, elderly nap habits, total score of SSRS, score of subjective support dimension, objective support dimension score, significant impairment of daily life ability, The decrease of daily living ability was the influencing factor of anxiety in the elderly (P 0.05). Gender, age, education, occupation, sports, hobbies, eating habits, elderly napping habits, total score of SSRS, subjective support dimension scores. The score of objective support dimension, the score of utilization dimension of support, the obvious obstacle of daily life ability, and the decline of daily life ability are the influencing factors of depression in the elderly people (P 0.05). Conclusion in the community of Jing'an District, Shanghai, the psychological problems of the elderly are significant. The incidence of memory dysfunction, anxiety and depression were 11.39.3and 10.8, respectively. These psychological problems were related to poor lifestyle. Therefore, the elderly should be encouraged to develop a correct and healthy lifestyle and increase sports, tea and naps. Maintenance of daily life is the most basic measure for the elderly to keep healthy and prevent mental illness, which can promote healthy aging.
【作者單位】： 上海市靜安區(qū)精神衛(wèi)生中心;
【基金】：2014年上海市衛(wèi)生和計(jì)劃生育委員會(huì)青年課題(20144Y0188) 2014年上海市殘聯(lián)系統(tǒng)康復(fù)人才培養(yǎng)課題 2014年上海市靜安區(qū)衛(wèi)生和計(jì)劃生育委員會(huì)第三批十百千專業(yè)技術(shù)骨干課題
【分類號(hào)】：R395

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