本文選題：微波輻射　切入點(diǎn)：回腸　出處：《福建醫(yī)科大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：【目的】 1.研究微波輻射對大鼠回腸上皮細(xì)胞形態(tài)改變。 2.研究微波輻射對大鼠回腸肥大細(xì)胞(mast cell,MC)及促腎上腺皮質(zhì)激素釋放激素（corticotropin-releasing factor,CRF）的影響，探討回腸促腎上腺皮質(zhì)激素釋放激素與肥大細(xì)胞的關(guān)系。 3.探討微波輻射對大鼠回腸的損傷機(jī)制。 【方法】 健康雄性SD大鼠20只，隨機(jī)平均分為兩組：對照組和輻射組。對照組：常規(guī)飼養(yǎng)。輻射組：常規(guī)飼養(yǎng)+輻射，大鼠自由體位置于大鼠籠中，再將鼠籠置于口徑平面為40cmx50cm的鐵皮箱內(nèi)，進(jìn)行微波輻射。微波信號發(fā)生器規(guī)格：900MHZ，1.0W，輻射頻率為214μm/cm~3。每天上午8:00-10:00、下午2:00-4:00持續(xù)輻射，，即4h/d，共21d。觀察輻射過程中大鼠體重，體表特征及神經(jīng)行為學(xué)等的改變。輻射21天后，大鼠禁食48小時(shí)，心臟灌注取下丘腦和回腸末段標(biāo)本，置于4%多聚甲醛中進(jìn)行后固定。下丘腦、回腸組織行HE（haematoxylin-eosin）染色觀察下丘腦、回腸組織粘膜及小腸絨毛的形態(tài)學(xué)改變，透射電鏡觀察下丘腦、回腸組織細(xì)胞超微結(jié)構(gòu)的變化。甲苯胺藍(lán)染色觀察肥大細(xì)胞的分布狀況及免疫組化技術(shù)觀察CRF的分布，統(tǒng)計(jì)分析2組大鼠肥大細(xì)胞數(shù)量與CRF之間的關(guān)系。 【結(jié)果】 1.輻射組的大鼠體表毛色逐漸變黃、活動(dòng)減少、易睡、脫毛和體重增加減緩。 2. HE染色：對照組大鼠下丘腦神經(jīng)元細(xì)胞形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)完整。輻射組下丘腦：神經(jīng)元細(xì)胞減少，第三腦室室管膜有損傷，可見紅細(xì)胞游出。對照組大鼠小腸絨毛結(jié)構(gòu)正常，排列整齊，小腸腺細(xì)胞結(jié)構(gòu)正常，小腸粘膜上皮呈單層柱狀，疏松的粘膜下層外可見肌層。而輻射組小腸絨毛結(jié)構(gòu)紊亂，絨毛結(jié)構(gòu)基本消失，小腸腺排列紊亂，腸腺間距增寬，肌層變薄，粘膜肌層仍然可見。 3.透射電鏡觀察：對照組下丘腦神經(jīng)元結(jié)構(gòu)良好，細(xì)胞核完整，核仁清楚，細(xì)胞內(nèi)線粒體、高爾基體等完整。輻射組大鼠下丘腦神經(jīng)元超微結(jié)構(gòu)損傷明顯，主要表現(xiàn)為線粒體空泡化明顯，線粒體嵴斷裂，內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)及高爾基體等散在分布，面積減小。對照組大鼠小腸粘膜細(xì)胞完整，細(xì)胞核完整，核仁清楚，細(xì)胞內(nèi)線粒體、高爾基體等完整。輻射組小腸粘膜損傷明顯，細(xì)胞邊界不清，核仁消失，線粒體等細(xì)胞器空泡化，邊界不清，胞內(nèi)含大量脂滴，杯狀細(xì)胞內(nèi)空泡化。 4.對照組大鼠回腸黏膜層每高倍（40×10倍）視野肥大細(xì)胞數(shù)是11.133±1.124，輻射組大鼠回腸黏膜層每高倍視野肥大細(xì)胞數(shù)是18.000±4.850，輻射組肥大細(xì)胞顯著多于對照組，且有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（P＜0.05）。 5.對照組大鼠回腸黏膜層CRF的表達(dá)，呈輕度陽性反應(yīng)（+），輻射組大鼠回腸CRF的表達(dá)，呈強(qiáng)陽性反應(yīng)（+++）。說明大鼠回腸CRF與肥大細(xì)胞數(shù)存在正相關(guān)。 【結(jié)論】 1.微波輻射可導(dǎo)致大鼠回腸上皮細(xì)胞形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)的病理學(xué)改變。 2.微波輻射引起大鼠回腸肥大細(xì)胞數(shù)目明顯增多，及促腎上腺皮質(zhì)激素釋放激素（CRF）明顯增加，大鼠回腸CRF含量與肥大細(xì)胞數(shù)目存在正相關(guān)。 3.微波輻射對大鼠回腸損傷的可能機(jī)制：微波輻射造成大鼠下丘腦神經(jīng)元損傷，推測可能導(dǎo)致下丘腦-垂體-腎上腺軸神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌功能紊亂，促腎上腺皮質(zhì)激素釋放激素(CRF)釋放增多，導(dǎo)致大鼠回腸黏膜肥大細(xì)胞與CRF明顯增多，CRF與肥大細(xì)胞膜上的CRF-R1結(jié)合，激活肥大細(xì)胞脫顆粒釋放多種炎性介質(zhì)和細(xì)胞因子，引起回腸黏膜的形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)和屏障功能破壞，這種應(yīng)激損傷機(jī)制可能受中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)(CNS)和腸神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)(ENS)共同調(diào)控，密不可分。
[Abstract]:[Objective]
1. the morphological changes of ileum epithelial cells in rats were studied by microwave radiation.
2., we studied the effects of microwave radiation on mast cell (MC) and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in rats, and explored the relationship between the corticotropin releasing hormone and mast cells.
3. to investigate the mechanism of microwave radiation on the injury of ileum in rats.
[method]
20 healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into two groups: control group and radiation group. The control group: conventional breeding. The radiation group: conventional breeding + radiation, rats in the rat cage free position, and then placed in the aperture plane for the squirrel cage 40cmx50cm iron box, microwave signal by microwave radiation. Generator specifications: 900MHZ, 1.0W, radiation frequency is 214 m/cm~3. 8:00-10:00 every morning, afternoon 2:00-4:00 radiation, 4h/d, body weight of rats were observed in the process of 21d. radiation, surface features and neural behavior. The change of radiation for 21 days, 48 hours fasting rats, heart perfused hypothalamic and terminal ileum specimens. In 4% paraformaldehyde after fixation. The hypothalamus, ileum for HE (haematoxylin-eosin) staining was observed in the hypothalamus, morphological changes of ileum mucosa and intestinal villi, was observed in the hypothalamus of TEM, ileum tissue cells The change of microstructure distribution. Distribution of toluidine blue staining and immunohistochemistry observation of mast cell technology to observe the CRF, statistical analysis of the relationship between the number of CRF and 2 groups of rat mast cells.
[results]
The hair color of the body surface of the 1. radiation group gradually became yellow, the activity decreased, the sleep was easy, the hair loss and the weight gain slowed down.
2. HE staining: control group rat hypothalamic neurons cell morphology was complete. Radiation group: neuronal hypothalamic cells decreased, the third ventricle injury, visible red blood cells out of control. The structure of the intestinal villi group rats were normal, neat, small intestinal cell structure is normal intestinal epithelial monolayer columnar. Under the loose epthelium visible muscle layer. And the radiation group of small intestinal villi structure disorder, villous structure disappeared, intestinal gland derangement, intestinal gland hypertelorism, muscular layer thin, muscular layer of mucosa is still visible.
3. transmission electron microscopy observation: the control group of hypothalamic neurons good structure, intact nucleus, clear nucleolus, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus integrity. The radiation damage of hypothalamic neurons ultrastructure of rats significantly, mainly for mitochondrial vacuolation, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus scattered in a control area is reduced. Intestinal mucosal cell in rats, intact nucleus, clear nucleolus, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus integrity. Radiation group of small intestinal mucosal injury obviously, cell boundary was not clear, nucleolus and mitochondria vacuolization, the boundary is not clear, cell containing a large number of lipid droplets, goblet cells within the vacuoles.
4. in the control group, the number of mast cells in the ileum mucous membrane of the control group was 11.133 times higher than that of the control group (40 * 10 times). The number of mast cells in the ileum mucosa of the radiation group was 18 times higher than that in the control group. The mast cells in the radiation group were significantly more than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05).
5. control expression of ileal mucosa layer of CRF rats showed a slight positive expression (+), radiation group rat ileum CRF, were strongly positive (+ + +). CRF was positively correlated with the number of mast cells in the ileum of rats.
[Conclusion]
1. microwave radiation can lead to the pathological changes of the morphology and structure of the ileum epithelial cells in rats.
2., the number of mast cells in the ileum of rats increased significantly and the corticotropin releasing hormone (CRF) increased significantly after microwave irradiation. There was a positive correlation between the content of CRF and the number of mast cells in the ileum of rats.
3. possible mechanisms of microwave radiation on rat ileum injury caused by hypothalamic neuron injury of rats after microwave radiation, that may lead to the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis and neuroendocrine function disorder, corticotropin releasing hormone (CRF) release increased, resulting in rat ileum mucosal mast cells and CRF increased significantly, CRF and mast cell membrane the CRF-R1 binding and activation of mast cell degranulation to release a variety of inflammatory mediators and cytokines, cause morphology and barrier function of intestinal mucosal damage, the mechanism may be affected by the stress injury of central nervous system (CNS) and enteric nervous system (ENS) to control, are inseparable.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：福建醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R363

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