本文關(guān)鍵詞： 大鼠 迷走神經(jīng)背核 精氨酸加壓素 胃運(yùn)動 胃酸分泌　出處：《山東師范大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：大鼠束縛-浸水應(yīng)激(restraint water-immersion stress, RWIS)條件下,胃運(yùn)動和胃酸分泌機(jī)能均發(fā)生紊亂。其中在調(diào)控胃腸功能的較高級中樞下丘腦前部,視上核(SON)、室旁核(PVN)神經(jīng)元活動最強(qiáng)烈,在初級中樞延髓,迷走神經(jīng)背核(DMV)神經(jīng)元活動最強(qiáng)烈,這些結(jié)果提示,可能有SON→DMV→胃的神經(jīng)調(diào)控環(huán)路的存在。若有,其神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)及其受體是什么,至今尚不明確。已知SON、PVN主要由精氨酸加壓素(AVP)能和催產(chǎn)素(OT)能神經(jīng)元組成,已有文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道:OT能神經(jīng)元有纖維末梢止于DMV;向DMV注射OT可抑制胃運(yùn)動,刺激胃酸分泌,說明OT可通過DMV對胃機(jī)能進(jìn)行調(diào)控,那么,AVP能神經(jīng)元是否存在于DMV并對胃機(jī)能進(jìn)行調(diào)控呢?至今未見有文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道。本研究通過向DMV微量注射AVP,觀察對胃運(yùn)動和胃酸分泌的影響來對這一問題進(jìn)行探討,并對其作用機(jī)制進(jìn)行了初步研究。 本文首先探討了向DMV注射AVP對胃運(yùn)動的影響,實(shí)驗(yàn)分兩步: 第一步:觀察大鼠右側(cè)DMV微量注射AVP及AVP受體阻斷劑對胃運(yùn)動的影響。實(shí)驗(yàn)分四組:一組(對照組)右側(cè)DMV注射生理鹽水(0.2μL),二組右側(cè)DMV注射0.18nmol AVP (0.2μL),三組右側(cè)DMV注射0.018 nmol AVP(0.2μL),四組右側(cè)DMV預(yù)先注射0.32 nmol AVP V1a受體阻斷劑SR49059 (0.2μL),再向DMV注射0.018 nmol AVP(0.2μL)。用幽門部放置水囊的方法測定大鼠胃運(yùn)動,觀察注藥前后的胃運(yùn)動變化。統(tǒng)計(jì)指標(biāo)包括注射前5min、注射后25min內(nèi)胃的收縮幅度、時(shí)程以及胃運(yùn)動指數(shù),同時(shí)記錄呼吸、血壓、心電。結(jié)果:兩種不同劑量的AVP被注射到右側(cè)DMV后5min內(nèi),胃運(yùn)動、呼吸、心率受到顯著性抑制,平均血壓無明顯變化;隨著時(shí)間的推移,AVP的抑制作用逐漸消失。但生理鹽水被注射到右側(cè)DMV后與注射前相比較,胃運(yùn)動、呼吸、血壓、心率均無明顯改變。右側(cè)DMV預(yù)先注射AVP V1a受體阻斷劑SR49059,AVP對胃運(yùn)動的抑制作用完全消除,這表明DMV中的AVP敏感神經(jīng)元確實(shí)可抑制胃運(yùn)動,且AVP的這種抑制作用是通過AVP V1a受體實(shí)現(xiàn)的。 第二步是在第一步的基礎(chǔ)上,通過預(yù)先股靜脈注射植物性神經(jīng)節(jié)膽堿能N1型受體阻斷劑六烴季銨(8μmol,1mL),再向DMV注射AVP,用同樣方法觀察胃運(yùn)動的變化,初步探討了AVP在DMV內(nèi)調(diào)控胃運(yùn)動的神經(jīng)元類型。結(jié)果:預(yù)先靜脈注射六烴季銨后,胃運(yùn)動幾乎完全消失,平均動脈壓顯著降低,呼吸頻率、心率無明顯變化;待胃運(yùn)動稍有恢復(fù)后,再向DMV內(nèi)微量注射AVP,胃運(yùn)動無明顯變化。表明DMV內(nèi)AVP敏感神經(jīng)元對胃運(yùn)動的調(diào)控是通過節(jié)前膽堿能神經(jīng)元來實(shí)現(xiàn)的。 本研究還探討了AVP通過DMV對胃酸分泌的調(diào)控,實(shí)驗(yàn)分兩組:一組(對照組)右側(cè)DMV注射生理鹽水(0.2μL),二組右側(cè)DMV注射0.18 nmol AVP (0.2μL),通過食道插管灌流37℃生理鹽水,幽門插管收集并用精密pH計(jì)測定灌流液,統(tǒng)計(jì)灌流液中的H+分泌量。結(jié)果:與注藥前相比,注藥后生理鹽水組胃液H+分泌量無明顯變化,AVP組胃液H+分泌量顯著增加。這表明大鼠DMV微量注射AVP可促進(jìn)胃液H+的分泌。 結(jié)論:大鼠DMV內(nèi)微量注射AVP可抑制胃運(yùn)動,促進(jìn)胃酸分泌。其調(diào)控機(jī)制可能為:AVP與DMV神經(jīng)元胞體膜或樹突膜上的AVP V1a型受體結(jié)合,通過節(jié)前膽堿能-節(jié)后NANC能抑制性迷走神經(jīng)通路實(shí)現(xiàn)對胃運(yùn)動的抑制性調(diào)控作用,通過節(jié)前膽堿能-節(jié)后膽堿能興奮性神經(jīng)通路實(shí)現(xiàn)對胃酸分泌的興奮性調(diào)控作用。
[Abstract]:Rat rwis (restraint water-immersion, stress, RWIS) under the condition of gastric motility and gastric acid secretion dysfunction occurred. One of the more senior central in the regulation of gastrointestinal function in the anterior hypothalamus, supraoptic nucleus (SON), paraventricular nucleus (PVN) neurons in the most active, in the primary central medulla, dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve (DMV) neuronal activity is most intense, these results suggest that there may be SON to DMV and gastric nerve regulation loop exists. If there is, what is the neurotransmitter and its receptor, is still not clear. The known SON, PVN mainly by arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OT) can it has been reported that neurons, OT neurons have the nerve fiber ends at DMV to DMV; OT injection can inhibit gastric motility, stimulate gastric acid secretion, OT by DMV on the gastric function regulation, then, AVP neurons in the presence of DMV and the regulation of gastric function ? has not been reported in the literature. The research into DMV by microinjection of AVP, observe the effect on gastric motility and gastric acid secretion of this problem, and the mechanism was studied.
This paper first discusses the influence to the DMV injection of AVP on gastric motility, the experiment was divided into two steps:
The first step: To observe the rat right DMV microinjection of AVP and effect of AVP receptor antagonist on gastric motility. The experiment was divided into four groups: one group (control group) on the right side of the DMV injection of saline (0.2 L), the two group DMV injection of 0.18nmol AVP (0.2 L), the three group DMV injection of 0.018 nmol AVP (0.2 L), the four group DMV pre injection 0.32 nmol AVP V1a receptor antagonist SR49059 (0.2 L), and then to DMV injection of 0.018 nmol AVP (0.2 L). The gastric motility of rats determined by method of pylorus placed water sac, observe the changes of gastric motility before and after injecting the statistics. The index includes before injection of 5min, 25min in gastric contraction after the injection timing and the index of gastric motility, and record the breath, blood pressure, ECG. Results: two different doses of AVP were injected into the right DMV within 5min after gastric movement, breathing, heart rate was inhibited, the average blood pressure had no obvious change; with the passage of time, the inhibition of AVP Made gradually disappear. But the physiological saline was injected into the right after DMV compared with before injection, gastric motility, respiration, blood pressure, heart rate did not change significantly. Right DMV pre injection of AVP V1a receptor antagonist SR49059, inhibitory effect of AVP on gastric motility completely eliminated, suggesting that DMV in AVP sensitive neurons can inhibition of gastric motility, and the inhibitory effect of AVP was achieved by AVP V1a receptor.
The second step is on the basis of the first step in advance through femoral vein injection of autonomic ganglion cholinergic N1 receptor blocker hexamethonium six (8 mol, 1mL), and then to DMV injection of AVP, the changes of gastric motility were observed using the same method, discussed the types of neurons of AVP in regulation of DMV gastric motility. Results: pre intravenous injection of hexamethonium six, gastric motility is almost completely disappeared, the mean arterial pressure decreased, respiratory rate, heart rate had no significant change; to gastric motility recovered slightly after microinjection of DMV to AVP, gastric motility had no obvious change. That regulation of AVP sensitive neurons in DMV of stomach the movement is by preganglionic cholinergic neurons to achieve.
This study also investigated the AVP by DMV on the regulation of gastric acid secretion, were divided into two groups: one group (control group) on the right side of the DMV injection of saline (0.2 L), the two group DMV injection of 0.18 nmol AVP (0.2 L), through the esophageal intubation perfusion 37 C saline, collected and pyloric intubation meter perfusate with precision pH, statistics in the perfusate H+ secretion. Results: compared with before injection, injection of saline group after administration of H+ of gastric juice secretion had no obvious change, AVP group H+ of gastric juice secretion increased significantly. This indicated that DMV rats microinjection of AVP can promote the secretion of gastric juice H+.
Conclusion: rat DMV microinjection of AVP can inhibit gastric motility, and promote gastric acid secretion. The possible mechanism is: the combination of AVP and DMV neurons membrane or dendrites of AVP V1 type a receptor, cholinergic preganglionic postganglionic - by NANC can realize the inhibitory vagal pathway inhibitory effects on gastric motility. Through the pre - cholinergic postganglionic cholinergic excitatory neural pathway on excitability regulation of gastric acid secretion.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：R33

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