本文關(guān)鍵詞：超重和肥胖與兒童學(xué)習(xí)成績及心理健康關(guān)系追蹤研究　出處：《山西醫(yī)科大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：目的了解太原市兒童超重和肥胖的發(fā)生現(xiàn)況及其主要的影響因素，探索超重和肥胖與兒童學(xué)習(xí)成績及心理健康的關(guān)系，，發(fā)現(xiàn)超重和肥胖兒童中存在的主要心理衛(wèi)生問題，分析兒童BMI（體質(zhì)指數(shù)）分組的改變對兒童學(xué)習(xí)成績及心理健康發(fā)展的影響，為進一步實施干預(yù)提供參考依據(jù)。方法采用隨機整群抽樣法，在太原市5個城區(qū)中各抽取一所小學(xué)，以5所小學(xué)三年 級的全體兒童作為調(diào)查對象。采用自填問卷的方法，以班為單位，在調(diào)查人員統(tǒng)一的指導(dǎo)語下獨立完成兒童調(diào)查表，調(diào)查問卷當(dāng)堂收回。調(diào)查時向兒童說明此次調(diào)查只做整體趨勢研究，不做單卷分析，以保證問卷的真實性和可靠性。由所調(diào)查兒童的家長根據(jù)實際情況填寫家長調(diào)查表，調(diào)查人員對家長進行電話指導(dǎo)和咨詢，填好后在班主任老師的配合下統(tǒng)一收回。兒童的期末考試成績由班主任老師提供，兒童當(dāng)年的身高、體重由太原市中小學(xué)保健所的保健醫(yī)師按照全國中小學(xué)生體質(zhì)調(diào)研的要求和方法進行測量。根據(jù)公式體重/身高2（體重測量值以kg為單位，身高以m為單位）計算BMI，并采用2003年中國肥胖問題工作組制定的我國兒童青少年體質(zhì)指數(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[5]（WGOC標(biāo)準(zhǔn)），排除繼發(fā)性肥胖，將全體兒童分為正常、超重和肥胖三組。應(yīng)用EpiDate3.1進行數(shù)據(jù)錄入，應(yīng)用SPSS13.0對數(shù)據(jù)進行x2檢驗、配對t檢驗、方差分析和回歸分析。 結(jié)果 1、基線調(diào)查 （1）本次基線調(diào)查共篩查出超重兒童179名，檢出率為11.5％，肥胖兒童146名，檢出率為9.4％，超重和肥胖的合并檢出率為20.9％。其中男童超重和肥胖檢出率顯著高于女童，獨生子女超重和肥胖檢出率顯著高于非獨生子女。 （2）肥胖兒童的學(xué)習(xí)成績較低，特別是數(shù)學(xué)成績。其中肥胖對男童學(xué)習(xí)成績的影響更突出。 （3）肥胖兒童的心理健康水平較低，其中肥胖兒童的體腦協(xié)調(diào)性、環(huán)境適應(yīng)、學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣、學(xué)習(xí)維度、人際自我、獨立性、生活自理、適應(yīng)維度和心理健康水平得分均顯著低于體重正常兒童。其中肥胖對男童心理健康水平的影響更突出。 （4）兒童超重和肥胖的主要影響因素有7個：其中危險因素有性別為男、獨生、父母肥胖、母親學(xué)歷為大專及以上、每周銀屏活動≥7次；保護因素有出生體重正常。 （5）兒童BMI分組與兒童學(xué)習(xí)成績總分呈負相關(guān)，兒童BMI分組與兒童心理健康水平得分呈負相關(guān)，兒童學(xué)習(xí)成績總分與兒童心理健康水平得分呈正相關(guān)。 （6）兒童學(xué)習(xí)成績的主要影響因素有學(xué)習(xí)維度得分、父親學(xué)歷和母親學(xué)歷；兒童心理健康水平的主要影響因素有性別、母親學(xué)歷、學(xué)習(xí)成績總分和兒童BMI分組。 2、追蹤研究 （1）本次追蹤調(diào)查共篩查出超重兒童186人，檢出率為12.4％，肥胖兒童153人，檢出率為10.2％，比2010年分別增加0.9、0.8個百分點，超重和肥胖的合并檢出率為22.6％。其中男童超重和肥胖檢出率顯著高于女童，獨生子女超重和肥胖檢出率顯著高于非獨生子女。 （2）肥胖兒童的學(xué)習(xí)成績較低，特別是數(shù)學(xué)成績。 （3）肥胖兒童的心理健康水平較低，其中肥胖兒童的體腦協(xié)調(diào)性、學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣、學(xué)習(xí)維度、人際自我、獨立性、生活自理得分均顯著低于體重正常兒童。 （4）2010年到2011年BMI分組未發(fā)生改變的兒童心理健康水平變化趨勢：正常組兒童的自我滿足、認同感、合群性、獨立性、人際維度和生活自理得分升高，環(huán)境適應(yīng)、社會自我和自我維度得分降低；超重組兒童的自我滿足、學(xué)習(xí)維度、認同感、合群性得分升高；肥胖組兒童的自我滿足、學(xué)習(xí)維度、體腦協(xié)調(diào)性、認同感得分升高。 （5）2010年到2011年BMI分組發(fā)生改變的兒童心理健康水平變化趨勢：BMI分組由正常變?yōu)榉逝值膬和w腦協(xié)調(diào)性、學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣、學(xué)習(xí)維度、家庭自我、獨立性、人際維度和心理健康水平得分降低；BMI分組由超重變?yōu)榉逝值膬和w腦協(xié)調(diào)性、學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣、學(xué)習(xí)維度、家庭自我、情緒自我、自我維度和心理健康水平得分降低；BMI分組由肥胖變?yōu)槌氐膬和瘜W(xué)習(xí)維度、情緒自我、人際自我、自我維度和心理健康水平升高。 結(jié)論 1、超重和肥胖在兒童中的檢出率較高，且有繼續(xù)上升的趨勢。男童超重和肥胖檢出率顯著高于女童，獨生子女超重和肥胖檢出率顯著高于非獨生子女。應(yīng)引起家長、學(xué)校和社會的關(guān)注。 2、肥胖影響兒童的學(xué)習(xí)成績和心理健康水平，其中對男童的影響更突出。家長、教師平時應(yīng)多關(guān)注肥胖兒童，尤其是肥胖男童的學(xué)習(xí)和心理健康。 3、兒童超重和肥胖的影響因素眾多，需進行綜合干預(yù)。 4、兒童BMI分組、兒童學(xué)習(xí)成績及兒童心理健康水平三者關(guān)系密切。肥胖對兒童心理健康水平的影響可逆。
[Abstract]:Objective to understand the Taiyuan city children's overweight and obesity prevalence and influence factors of overweight and obesity, and children's learning achievement and mental health of the relationship, found that the main mental health problem of overweight and obese children, children of BMI (body mass index) effect of packet change learning achievement and mental health of children and to provide reference for the further implementation of the intervention. Methods using random cluster sampling method in Taiyuan city from 5 districts in a primary school, 5 primary school in three years
All the children as the research object. By using the method of questionnaire, taking the class as a unit to complete the questionnaire in children's independent investigators unified instruction, questionnaire. The survey shows that when the recovery of only the overall trend of children to do the investigation, single volume analysis, in order to ensure the authenticity and reliability of the questionnaire the survey by the parents of the children. Parents fill in the questionnaire according to the actual situation, the investigators conducted a telephone consultation and guidance to parents, after filling in with unified recovered teacher. The final exam is provided by the class teacher for children, children's height, weight from primary and middle schools of Taiyuan city health care physicians according to the survey of national primary and secondary school physical research requirements and methods. According to the formula 2 (weight / height weight measurements to kg units, the height in M) to calculate BMI, and by 200 Chinese children and adolescents' body mass index standard [5] 3 years working group Chinese obesity problem formulation (WGOC standard), excluding secondary obesity, all children were divided into normal, overweight and obesity in three groups. The application of EpiDate3.1 for data entry, application of SPSS13.0 for data x2 test, paired t test, variance analysis and regression analysis.
Result
1, baseline survey
(1) the baseline survey were found in overweight children 179, the detection rate was 11.5%, 146 obese children, the detection rate was 9.4%, overweight and obesity with the detection rate of 20.9%. in boys of overweight and obesity were significantly higher than that of girls, the detection rates of overweight and obesity of children was significantly higher than that of non only children.
(2) the scores of obese children are low, especially in mathematics. Among them, obesity has a more significant impact on boys' academic performance.
(3) the mental health level of obese children is low, the brain body coordination, obese children to adapt to the environment, learning habits, learning dimension, interpersonal self, independence, self-care, adaptation and mental health dimension scores were significantly lower than normal weight children. The effects of obesity on the boys' psychological health level is more prominent.
(4) there are 7 factors of overweight and obesity in children: risk factors which mainly influence the gender is male, single parents, obesity, mother qualifications for college and above, more than 7 times a week 'activities; the protective factors were normal birth weight.
(5) children's BMI group is negatively correlated with total score of children's academic performance. Children's BMI group is negatively correlated with children's mental health level. Children's total score of academic achievement is positively correlated with children's mental health level.
(6) the main influencing factors of children's academic performance are learning dimension score, father's education background and mother's educational background. The main influencing factors of children's mental health are gender, mother's educational background, total score of academic achievement and children's BMI grouping.
2, tracing research
(1) the follow-up investigations were found in overweight children 186, the detection rate was 12.4%, 153 obese children, the detection rate was 10.2%, increased by 0.9,0.8 percentage points higher than in 2010, overweight and obesity with the detection rate of 22.6%. in boys of overweight and obesity were significantly higher than that of girls, the detection rate of overweight and obesity in children only significantly higher than non only child.
(2) the scores of obese children are low, especially in mathematics.
(3) the mental health level of obese children is relatively low. Among them, body and brain coordination, learning habits, learning dimensions, interpersonal self, independence and self-care scores of obese children are significantly lower than those of normal weight children.
(4) the change trend of children's mental health level from 2010 to 2011 BMI group did not change: the normal group of children's self satisfaction, identity, sociability, independence, interpersonal dimension and self-care scores increased, to adapt to the environment, social self and self scores decreased; overweight children self satisfaction, learning dimension. A sense of identity, sociability scores increased in obese children; self satisfaction, learning dimension, brain coordination, identity score increased.
(5) the change trend of children's mental health level from 2010 to 2011 BMI packet change: BMI packet from normal to obese children brain coordination, learning habits, learning dimension, family self, independence, interpersonal dimension and mental health score decreased; BMI divided into groups by overweight and obese children. Brain coordination, learning habits, learning dimension, emotional self, family self, self dimension and mental health score decreased; BMI group by obesity to overweight children learning dimension, emotional self, interpersonal self, self dimension increased and the level of mental health.
conclusion
1, the prevalence rate of overweight and obesity in children is high, and has a rising trend. The detection rate of overweight and obesity is significantly higher than that of girls. The detection rate of overweight and obesity is higher than that of non only child. It should arouse parents, schools and society's attention.
2, obesity affects children's academic performance and mental health level, which has a more significant impact on boys. Parents and teachers should pay more attention to obesity children, especially obese boys' learning and mental health.
3, there are many factors affecting overweight and obesity in children, and comprehensive intervention is needed.
4, children's BMI group, children's learning achievement and children's mental health level three are closely related. Obesity has a reversible effect on the mental health of children.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R395

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