夾縫中行走—論波特諾伊的精神困境
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-10-16 11:36
【摘要】:菲利普·羅斯(1933-)是當(dāng)代美國(guó)文壇上一位特立獨(dú)行的作家,他不拘一格的寫(xiě)作風(fēng)格讓他在美國(guó)文學(xué)界獨(dú)樹(shù)一幟。身為猶太作家,他的寫(xiě)作并沒(méi)有囿于自己的民族身份,而是更關(guān)注那些普遍困擾人類(lèi)的問(wèn)題。他作品中的主題往往涉及衰老和死亡、疾病和折磨、欲望與道德、子女與父母的矛盾以及猶太群體之間復(fù)雜的關(guān)系。然而,這并不意味著羅斯的作品沒(méi)有受到其猶太身份的影響。實(shí)際上,羅斯作品中最重要的主題可能就是他對(duì)于身份問(wèn)題的理解。但是,和大多數(shù)族裔作家不同,比起將猶太人作為一個(gè)群體來(lái)描述,羅斯更傾向于刻畫(huà)猶太個(gè)體獨(dú)特的心理特點(diǎn)。因此,無(wú)論身為哪個(gè)種族,羅斯作品中人物所遭遇的困境其實(shí)反映的是全人類(lèi)的問(wèn)題。在羅斯的眾多作品中,《波特諾伊的怨訴》可以說(shuō)是其找尋自己寫(xiě)作風(fēng)格的實(shí)驗(yàn)之作。在這部小說(shuō)中,主人公波特諾伊一心想脫離自己所在的猶太群體。而羅斯則通過(guò)塑造這樣一個(gè)文學(xué)人物表達(dá)了自己不想被“文學(xué)好品味”所束縛的決心。自此,羅斯的創(chuàng)作進(jìn)入了一個(gè)嶄新的階段。從這個(gè)意義上來(lái)說(shuō),《波特諾伊的怨訴》不僅僅是一部重要的文學(xué)作品,同時(shí)也是羅斯寫(xiě)作生涯中具有里程碑意義的創(chuàng)作。在這部作品中,波特諾伊就像一顆定時(shí)炸彈,隨時(shí)都有爆炸的可能。作品中隨處可見(jiàn)的感嘆號(hào)、黑體字和斜體字更是表現(xiàn)了波特諾伊混亂的內(nèi)心世界。在這部獨(dú)白式的小說(shuō)中,波特諾伊回憶了自己童年的往事,那些記憶至今仍困擾著他的生活。他那無(wú)所不在的母親以及無(wú)能的父親、他對(duì)猶太教義的不滿(mǎn)以及真正融入美國(guó)社會(huì)的渴望、他對(duì)外族姑娘強(qiáng)烈的性欲,這些都是造成他極度焦慮的來(lái)源,并最終導(dǎo)致了他的精神崩潰。本文包括引言和結(jié)論共分為六部分。引言部分對(duì)菲利普·羅斯以及其作品《波特諾伊的怨訴》進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)單的概述。此外,該部分還提供了國(guó)內(nèi)外針對(duì)此部作品的文獻(xiàn)綜述。第一章主要分析了波特諾伊焦慮的成因。他強(qiáng)烈的焦慮感主要來(lái)自于家庭的影響。此外,他一直徘徊在猶太社區(qū)和美國(guó)白人社會(huì)的邊緣。這些都促使了其焦慮的形成。第二章結(jié)合了霍尼關(guān)于焦慮的觀點(diǎn),在文本細(xì)讀的基礎(chǔ)上,從四個(gè)方面分析了波特諾伊焦慮的表現(xiàn)。其中包括:給予和獲得愛(ài)的態(tài)度;內(nèi)在的不安全感;攻擊性以及性欲。波特諾伊內(nèi)心的焦慮使他渴望被愛(ài),但他卻缺乏給予愛(ài)和承諾的能力。同時(shí),為了緩解自己的焦慮感,波特諾伊開(kāi)始了對(duì)猶太傳統(tǒng)的反抗之路,但這卻進(jìn)一步加重了他的焦慮。當(dāng)然,波特諾伊僅僅是他所處的猶太社區(qū)中最具代表性的一位。由此,第三章選取了該作品中其他幾個(gè)美國(guó)猶太人與波特諾伊進(jìn)行了比較。同樣受到焦慮的困擾,但他們卻不能像波特諾伊那樣說(shuō)出自己的想法,和整個(gè)猶太權(quán)威抗衡。從這個(gè)意義上來(lái)說(shuō),波特諾伊注定要在這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)斗中孤軍作戰(zhàn)。除了波特諾伊自身的猶太性,他的身份其實(shí)更具有社會(huì)意義。從某種程度上來(lái)說(shuō),波特諾伊是美國(guó)二十世紀(jì)六十年代的代言人。因此,如果波特諾伊處于不同的社會(huì)階段,他的命運(yùn)可能會(huì)因當(dāng)時(shí)的社會(huì)狀況而發(fā)生改變。第四章主要講述的就是這一點(diǎn),盡管焦慮問(wèn)題具有普遍性,但不同時(shí)代的人們會(huì)因?yàn)樯鐣?huì)狀況的不同而作出不一樣的反應(yīng)。最后,基于以上對(duì)波特諾伊焦慮問(wèn)題的分析,結(jié)論部分對(duì)前幾章的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了總結(jié)并指出了本文的研究意義。在《波特諾伊的怨訴》中,羅斯通過(guò)對(duì)主人公亞歷山大·波特諾伊的心理刻畫(huà),向讀者展現(xiàn)了以波特諾伊為代表的美國(guó)猶太青年在融入美國(guó)社會(huì)時(shí)所面臨的困境。在猶太傳統(tǒng)文化和美國(guó)主流文化的雙重夾擊下,波特諾伊不可避免地陷入了對(duì)自我認(rèn)知的精神困惑中。更值得注意的是,波特諾伊的焦慮不僅僅是美國(guó)猶太人所面臨的問(wèn)題,它也反映了當(dāng)代社會(huì)中人們普遍的精神危機(jī)和生存困境。這更彰顯了該作品的重要意義。
[Abstract]:Philip Rose (1933-) is a maverick writer in the contemporary American literary world. His style of writing makes him unique in the American literary world. As a Jewish writer, his writing is not limited to his own national identity, but is more concerned about the problems that afflict humanity. The themes in his work often relate to aging and death, disease and torture, lust and morality, the contradiction between children and parents, and the complex relationship between Jewish groups. However, this does not mean that Ross's work is not affected by its Jewish identity. In fact, the most important topic in Ross's work may be his understanding of the question of identity. But unlike most ethnic writers, Ross is more inclined to portray Jewish individuals' unique psychological characteristics than using Jews as a group. Therefore, regardless of the race, the plight of the characters in Ross's work actually reflects the problem of all mankind. In Ross's numerous works, can be said to be the experiment of finding his style of writing. In this novel, the protagonist, Pornoy, wanted to get away from his Jewish community. And Ross, by shaping such a literary figure, expressed his intention not to be "Good taste of literature" The determined determination. Since then, Rose's creation has entered a new stage. In this sense, it is not just an important literary work, but also a landmark creation in Ross's writing career. In this work, Pornoy is like a time bomb, with the possibility of an explosion at any time. The exclamation marks, bold characters and italics that are everywhere in the work show the chaos of Pornoy. In this marathon novel, Pornoy recalls his childhood memories, which still plague his life. His omnipresent mother and his inept father, his dissatisfaction with Judaism and the desire to truly integrate into the American society, his strong sexual desire for the foreign girl, was a source of extreme anxiety and eventually led to his mental breakdown. This paper consists of six parts: introduction and conclusion. The introductory part gives a brief overview of Philip Rose and his works 【學(xué)位授予單位】:南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】:I712.074
本文編號(hào):2274237
[Abstract]:Philip Rose (1933-) is a maverick writer in the contemporary American literary world. His style of writing makes him unique in the American literary world. As a Jewish writer, his writing is not limited to his own national identity, but is more concerned about the problems that afflict humanity. The themes in his work often relate to aging and death, disease and torture, lust and morality, the contradiction between children and parents, and the complex relationship between Jewish groups. However, this does not mean that Ross's work is not affected by its Jewish identity. In fact, the most important topic in Ross's work may be his understanding of the question of identity. But unlike most ethnic writers, Ross is more inclined to portray Jewish individuals' unique psychological characteristics than using Jews as a group. Therefore, regardless of the race, the plight of the characters in Ross's work actually reflects the problem of all mankind. In Ross's numerous works,
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】:I712.074
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