本文選題：《終結(jié)的感覺》 + 背叛��； 參考：《寧波大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：朱利安·巴恩斯是活躍在當(dāng)代英國文壇上的一顆閃耀的巨星,他憑借《終結(jié)的感覺》獲得了當(dāng)代英語小說界的最高獎項(xiàng)——布克獎。在這部小說中他延續(xù)了以往的創(chuàng)作風(fēng)格,在形式上注重后現(xiàn)代主義的寫作技巧,打破歷史與真實(shí)的界限;在內(nèi)容上注重對日常生活的書寫,揭示關(guān)于愛情、婚姻、死亡、背叛、祝福、亂倫、悔恨等重大倫理命題,呈現(xiàn)小說人物的倫理意識和倫理悲劇�！督K結(jié)的感覺》不僅體現(xiàn)了巴恩斯在敘事上的精湛技巧,更是通過敘述者韋伯斯特對記憶的運(yùn)作完成了倫理情感的表達(dá),體現(xiàn)了作者深刻的人文主義關(guān)懷。論文共分為五部分:緒論部分對巴恩斯的創(chuàng)作及研究現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行概述,對小說主要采用的研究方法和相關(guān)概念進(jìn)行說明,特別是對“敘事倫理”與“倫理敘事”的概念進(jìn)行梳理,為論文的展開奠定基礎(chǔ)。正文分三部分,第一部分圍繞敘事的“迷障”展開,“迷障”營造需要不可靠記憶與不充分材料的參與。韋伯斯特的回憶本身具有不可靠性,維羅妮卡的回應(yīng),更加凸顯了兩者主體意識的沖突,由此構(gòu)建了小說的不可靠敘述。莎拉作為整個事件的主要人物,她留下的遺言和遺物構(gòu)成了“迷障”形成的不充分材料。羅布森并不是事件的參與者,但是他的自殺是對“歷史”的一次真實(shí)演繹,即不可靠的記憶與不充分的材料相遇所產(chǎn)生的確定性,并且他對艾德里安最終命運(yùn)具有“預(yù)設(shè)隱喻”的作用。整個故事因?yàn)轫f伯斯特不可靠的敘述變得撲所迷離,而莎拉提供的遺囑與羅布森的自殺事件進(jìn)一步構(gòu)成了這一敘事“迷障”,使之成為一個難以揭開的謎團(tuán)。第二部分主要探討小說敘事“解碼”的過程�！皻v史”物證是解碼的鑰匙,物證中蘊(yùn)含的“不穩(wěn)定因素”推動小說的敘事進(jìn)程。當(dāng)事人莎拉的“故事講述”和遺物的“故事懸置”,促使韋伯斯特產(chǎn)生諸多疑問,并邁開追問真相的第一步。艾德里安日記中的“累加賭注公式”以及日記結(jié)尾中的“假使托尼”這一假設(shè),使得韋伯斯特認(rèn)識到自己與艾德里安的自殺有一定關(guān)聯(lián),但是他并不知曉他應(yīng)該承擔(dān)怎樣的責(zé)任,于是陷入到無休止的道德反思中。韋伯斯特寫給艾德里安的充滿詛咒和毒辣語言的書信,以及那張“以死謝罪”的明信片,宣告了韋伯斯特回憶的自欺欺人,以及韋伯斯特在艾德里安自殺事件中不可抹去的道德責(zé)任。第三部分探討敘事的“終結(jié)”,揭示敘事倫理的真相。維羅妮卡與韋伯斯特之間這段消逝的戀情是四人最終陷入困境的開端,韋伯斯特的自私虛偽致使他寄出了詛咒信和“以死謝罪”的明信片,最終影響了維羅妮卡與艾德里安的戀情,并成為導(dǎo)致艾德里安陷入到與莎拉不倫戀的重要因素。艾德里安在這段不倫戀中陷入絕望,面對“娶母”的禁忌,艾德里安迷失在“背叛”與“祝�！钡膬呻y選擇中,最終以自殺的方式維護(hù)了正常的倫理秩序。韋伯斯特在回憶中將事實(shí)歪曲,在追問“歷史”的過程中他又將整個故事進(jìn)行了重構(gòu),重構(gòu)后的真相讓他陷入到無限的悔恨中,他誤會了艾德里安、辜負(fù)了維羅妮卡。韋伯斯特在走向終結(jié)的過程中一步步見證了自己的道德品行,并將用余生承擔(dān)與日俱增的良心責(zé)問。結(jié)語部分,總結(jié)小說的倫理敘事特征。小說通過“故事內(nèi)隱喻”(羅布森的自殺事件)的方式完成了對艾德里安命運(yùn)和對整個事件構(gòu)架的預(yù)設(shè)。通過“故事外置換”,包括人物和內(nèi)容的置換,實(shí)現(xiàn)了對倫理問題的思考。巴恩斯巧妙設(shè)計(jì)小說從“迷障”到“解碼”,再到“終結(jié)”的敘事構(gòu)架,在消解歷史的敘述中建構(gòu)倫理,揭示了關(guān)于亂倫、背叛、悔恨、責(zé)任等重要倫理命題,達(dá)到了對倫理思想的深刻表達(dá),從而維護(hù)了倫理秩序。
[Abstract]:Julian Barnes is a sparkling star in the contemporary English literary world. He won the top prize of the contemporary English fiction world, the buck prize, with the feeling of "the end". In this novel, he continues the previous style of creation, pays more attention to the writing skills of Postmodernism in form, and breaks the boundary between history and reality. In content, it pays attention to the writing of daily life, reveals the important ethical propositions about love, marriage, death, betrayal, blessings, incest, repentance and other important ethical propositions, and presents the ethical and ethical tragedies of the characters of the novel. The feeling of "end" not only embodies the exquisite technique of Barnes in the narrative, but also through the narrator Webster's operation of memory. It has become the expression of ethical emotion and embodies the profound humanistic concern of the author. The thesis is divided into five parts: the introduction part summarizes the present situation of Barnes's creation and research, and explains the research methods and related concepts mainly adopted in the novel, especially the concept of "narrative Lun" and "Ethical Narrative". The text is divided into three parts. The text is divided into three parts. The first part revolves around the narrative "obscuring", and the creation of "obsessed" needs unreliable memory and incomplete materials. The memory of Webster itself is unreliable and Veronica's response, which highlights the conflict of the consciousness of the two parties, and thus constructs a novel. Reliable narration. As the main character of the whole event, Sarah's remains and remains constitute an inadequate material for the formation of "the barrier". He is not a participant in the event, but his suicide is a true interpretation of "history", the certainty of the unreliable memory and inadequate material meeting. He has the role of "Presupposition metaphor" for Adrian's final fate. The whole story has become obsessed with Webster's unreliable narration, and Sarah's will and robrson's suicide further constitute the narrative "obscuration", making it a mystery. The second part mainly discusses the narrative of the novel. "History" is the process of decoding. The "historical" material evidence is the key to decode. The "unstable factor" contained in the material evidence promotes the narrative process of the novel. The "story telling" of the parties and the "story suspension" of the remains of the litigants cause Webster to produce many questions and take the first step of asking the truth. The "tired" in Adrian's diary. "Add the bet formula," and the hypothesis of "Toni" in the end of the diary, make Webster realize that he has a certain connection with Adrian's suicide, but he does not know what responsibility he should take, so he falls into the endless moral reflection. Webster writes Adrian to Adrian with the curse and poison. The letter, and the postcard of "death thanks to death", proclaimed the self deception of Webster, and the moral responsibility that Webster could not erase in Adrian's suicide. The third part explored the "end" of the narrative, revealing the truth of narrative ethics. The disappearing love between Veronica and Webster. It was the beginning of the Quartet's eventual plight. Webster's selfish hypocrisy caused him to send a letter of curse and a postcard "to death and thank him", which eventually affected the love between Veronica and Adrian, and became an important factor in Adrian's fall in love with Shara. Adrian was in despair in this undisorderly love affair. The taboo of "marry mother", Adrian is lost in the dilemma of "betrayal" and "blessing", and eventually maintains the normal ethical order in the way of suicide. Webster distorts the facts in recollection. In the process of asking "history", he reconstructs the whole story, and the truth after reconstructing makes him fall into limitless regret. In the middle of hatred, he misunderstood Adrian and failed to live up to Veronica. Webster had witnessed his moral conduct step by step in the process of ending, and he would use the rest of his life to take on the increasing conscience. The concluding part summed up the ethical narrative features of the novel. The novel passed the "metaphor in the case" (the suicide of Robson). Completed the fate of Adrian and the framework of the whole event. Through "the replacement of the story", including the replacement of the characters and contents, it realized the thinking of the ethical problems. Barnes skillfully designed the novel from "obsessed" to "decode", and then to "the end" of the narrative framework, and constructed ethics in the narration of historical narration. With regard to incest, betrayal, regret, responsibility and other important ethical proposition, it has reached a profound expression of ethical thought, thus maintaining the ethical order.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：寧波大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：I561.074

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