本文選題：西奧多·德萊塞 + 《美國悲劇》��； 參考：《山東科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：二十世紀(jì)上半葉是美國小說的黃金時代,小說創(chuàng)作欣欣向榮,人才輩出。西奧多·德萊塞是美國文學(xué)史上的杰出代表,他開創(chuàng)了現(xiàn)實主義小說的先河,同時也是美國現(xiàn)代小說的先驅(qū),在美國文學(xué)史上,他率先毫無偏見地描寫美國城市生活。在一定程度上深刻影響了他同時代的許多作家�！睹绹瘎　窂�1925年12月出版以來一直被公認(rèn)為是德萊塞最偉大的小說,也是美國最偉大的小說之一。由于《美國悲劇》是一部關(guān)于欲望,權(quán)利以及犯罪的小說,所以這篇論文根據(jù)精神分析的理論和學(xué)說來對《美國悲劇》進行分析,尤其是用弗洛伊德的三重人格結(jié)構(gòu)學(xué)說來解釋克萊德犯罪動機的深層原因。在弗洛伊德的理論當(dāng)中,心理人格被分為三個部分,本我代表心理本能,自我代表心理社會,超我代表道德理想。他們追求不同的目標(biāo),本我追求快樂,自我追求現(xiàn)實,超我追求完美,在一般情況下,三者處于平衡和諧狀態(tài),人格處于健康狀態(tài),當(dāng)三者之間的關(guān)系失調(diào)時,就會產(chǎn)生心理或者精神疾病。弗洛伊德指出犯罪本身就是由心理失衡引起的,這篇文章在弗洛伊德三重人格結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)上分析克萊德犯罪的心理原因,尤其是本我、自我、超我三重人格的缺陷和失衡。論文分為三章,第一章描寫了克萊德在不可控制的強大自我的驅(qū)使下永不滿足的欲望,他過分追求物質(zhì)和性的滿足,為了自己的享受和虛榮逃避家庭責(zé)任。第二章介紹了克萊德失職的自我,他軟弱失職的自我無法壓制本我,換句話說,他的自我無法在享樂和現(xiàn)實之中保持一個動態(tài)的平衡,另外,他又無法有效的利用防御機制來緩解這種沖突和猶豫。超我是類似于良心的人格層面,充滿了清規(guī)戒律。超我在三者當(dāng)中處于最高地位,符合社會理想和傳統(tǒng)價值。由于家庭和學(xué)校教育的缺失,克萊德的超我發(fā)展不健全并隨著他的成長逐漸變得虛無縹緲,同時,由于他無能的超我致使他非常容易受到社會不良價值觀的影響,最終導(dǎo)致他謀殺了自己的愛人。通過具體的分析,文章揭示了心理人格動態(tài)平衡的重要性。只有擁有健康的心理,才不至于迷失自我甚至犯罪。論文分析了克萊德犯罪動機的深層原因,尤其是本能欲望和道德的沖突,由此得出克萊德的犯罪是他心理失衡的結(jié)果,尤其是他不可控制的本我,失職的自我和無能的超我之間的失衡,總的來說,克萊德的犯罪是三者之間位置的混亂和故障的結(jié)果。
[Abstract]:The first half of the twentieth century was the golden age of American fiction. Theodore Dreiser is an outstanding representative in the history of American literature. He pioneered realistic novels and modern American novels. In the history of American literature, he took the lead in describing American urban life without prejudice. American tragedy has been recognized as Dreiser's greatest novel and one of the greatest American novels since its publication in December 1925. Because American tragedy is a novel about desire, right and crime, this paper analyzes American tragedy according to the theory and theory of psychoanalysis. In particular, Freud's theory of triple personality structure is used to explain the deep reasons of Clyde's criminal motive. In Freud's theory, psychological personality is divided into three parts: the ego represents the psychological instinct, the ego represents the psychological society, and the superego represents the moral ideal. They pursue different goals, the ego pursues happiness, the ego pursues reality, the superego pursues perfection, in general, the three are in balance and harmony, and the personality is in a healthy state, when the relationship between the three is out of balance. There will be psychological or mental illness. Freud pointed out that crime itself is caused by psychological imbalance. This article analyzes the psychological reasons of Clyde's crime on the basis of Freud's triple personality structure, especially the defects and imbalances of ego, ego and superego triple personality. The thesis is divided into three chapters. The first chapter describes Clyde's insatiable desire driven by the uncontrollable and powerful ego. He pursues the material and sexual satisfaction too much and evades family responsibility for his own enjoyment and vanity. The second chapter introduces Clyde's self-dereliction of duty, his weak dereliction of duty cannot suppress the ego, in other words, his ego cannot maintain a dynamic balance between pleasure and reality, and in addition, He is also unable to effectively use defensive mechanisms to mitigate such conflicts and hesitations. Superego is similar to the conscience of the personality level, full of discipline. Superego is in the highest position of the three, in line with social ideals and traditional values. Because of the lack of family and school education, Clyde's superego developed and gradually became illusory as he grew up, and his incompetent superego made him very vulnerable to the negative values of society. In the end, he murdered his lover. Through specific analysis, the paper reveals the importance of dynamic balance of psychological personality. Only with a healthy mind can we not lose ourselves or even commit crimes. The paper analyzes the deep reasons of Clyde's criminal motive, especially the conflict between instinct desire and morality, and concludes that Clyde's crime is the result of his psychological imbalance, especially his uncontrollable ego. The imbalance between derelict self and incompetent superego, Clyde's crime is the result of confusion and malfunction between the three.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：I712.074

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