本文選題：“瓦爾普吉斯之夜”　切入點：主題學(xué)　出處：《東北師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：“瓦爾普吉斯之夜”源自德國的宗教傳說,描述“巫魔夜會”情景:每年五月一日前夕之夜,眾魔鬼、女巫會趕赴布羅肯山參與集會。在起源上,它與英國土著督伊德教的古老習(xí)俗——夜間祭祀有關(guān),是基督教世界對異教進(jìn)行妖魔化的產(chǎn)物。作為異教儀式的衍生物,“瓦爾普吉斯之夜”具有原型性質(zhì),是超越時空的永恒財富,不斷吸引歷代作家進(jìn)行繼承與再創(chuàng)造,這使它成長為一種文學(xué)主題�！巴郀柶占怪埂敝黝}具有強(qiáng)烈的魔幻色彩,在情節(jié)上表現(xiàn)為魔鬼的狂歡夜,其精神實質(zhì)則是釋放本能欲望、來自生命或自然的原始力量,以及被理性、秩序所約束或禁止的內(nèi)容。歌德的《浮士德》、托馬斯·曼的《魔山》、米哈伊爾·布爾加科夫的《大師和瑪格麗特》,均化用該主題,在為題材注入活力的同時,又使其成為思考理性和非理性問題的文學(xué)化表達(dá)。本文從比較文學(xué)主題學(xué)視角出發(fā),基于《浮士德》或歌德本人對托馬斯·曼、布爾加科夫在創(chuàng)作上的影響,以及《浮士德》與《魔山》、《大師和瑪格麗特》之間的對話性,一方面系統(tǒng)梳理三部作品對“瓦爾普吉斯之夜”主題的繼承、改造,另一方面,探究該主題所呈現(xiàn)的關(guān)于理性和非理性的深刻思考。文章共分三個部分。第一部分考察《浮士德》里的“瓦爾普吉斯之夜”主題,通過分析第一部里浮士德的“性”夢、第二部里古希臘圖像之“丑”以及對原始生命力的追逐,認(rèn)為歌德借用該題材,強(qiáng)調(diào)了關(guān)于人和自然的原始部分,即人性欲望、自然的原生圖像和生命的原始力量,并在認(rèn)同這些非理性元素的同時,通過書寫浮士德“永不滿足”的向上運動,將其刻畫為兼具感性和理性的存在者——既無法擺脫自然欲望,又有追求“體驗”的自由意志。這種雙重性是歌德人格二重性的體現(xiàn),也是他在感受純粹理性主義的局限后進(jìn)行的一次超越性探索。作為原始生命力和理性精神的追求者,歌德關(guān)注欲望、情感等非理性力量,又憧憬“理性王國”,從而建構(gòu)起一種包含非理性在內(nèi)的更高層面的理性,實現(xiàn)了非理性在理性牽制下的和諧統(tǒng)一。第二部分圍繞托馬斯·曼的《魔山》,發(fā)現(xiàn)原先描述魔鬼夜晚的“瓦爾普吉斯之夜”被拓展到人間,搭建起一個違反常規(guī)的狂歡化世界。面對19世紀(jì)末20世紀(jì)初理性主義傳統(tǒng)的式微,托馬斯·曼讓主人公化身反叛者,不僅告別了啟蒙理性的代表,進(jìn)入對肉體的頌歌,還令其釋放出愛欲,擁抱了東方之象征。用這種帶有非理性元素的浪漫方式,托馬斯·曼實現(xiàn)了對以理性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)衡量一切的啟蒙理性的反思,并在意識形態(tài)上表現(xiàn)出對充滿非理性色彩的東方道路的親近,以此呼應(yīng)了“西方的沒落”的悲嘆和彌漫歐洲的非理性主義思潮。第三部分聚焦米哈伊爾·布爾加科夫的《大師和瑪格麗特》,主要探討作者在“瓦爾普吉斯之夜”題材里呈現(xiàn)的瘋癲幻想。在變革時代的俄羅斯,布爾加科夫是孤獨的“文學(xué)之狼”,現(xiàn)實世界的禁錮,讓他不得不求助于幻想。他在果戈理傳統(tǒng)中找到出路,將神秘主義表現(xiàn)編入現(xiàn)實語境,即在延續(xù)傳統(tǒng)“瓦爾普吉斯之夜”元素的基礎(chǔ)上,添入復(fù)仇女神和魔鬼作為審判官的角色,讓人物代替自己向現(xiàn)實世界復(fù)仇,并以發(fā)笑的方式,消解了現(xiàn)實生活中喪失信仰、追求物質(zhì)的庸俗理性;但在解構(gòu)的同時,布氏又塑造出有圣母光環(huán)的永恒女性,賦予其拯救功能,表達(dá)圣母崇拜和“拯救世界”的美好愿望,傳遞出來自東正教傳統(tǒng)的非理性信仰。在“瓦爾普吉斯之夜”題材上,歌德、托馬斯·曼、布爾加科夫?qū)硇院头抢硇詥栴}都有所思考。他們看到時代價值規(guī)范的單向思維傾向,意圖呼喚被世人忽略的價值取向。這種思考是他們在有限人生中對永恒問題的追尋,既顯露出一種理性思維和批判性反思,又體現(xiàn)了超越有限生命的渴望和對永恒這種存在方式的追求。
[Abstract]:"Wahl Walpurgis Night" from the German religious legends describe "Witches night" scenario: every year in May 1st before the evening night, the devil, witch will be rushed to the broken hill in the rally. In origin, it is with the British native druidic ancient custom - night ritual, is product of demonization of the pagan Christian world. As a pagan ritual derivative, "Val Pukki J's night" is the archetypal nature, is the eternal wealth beyond time and space, continue to attract the writer of inheritance and creation, which makes it grow as a literary theme. "Wahl Walpurgis Night" theme has a strong magical color, in the plot is the devil's carnival night, its essence is the release of instinctive desire, original power comes from life or nature, and be rational, constraint or forbidden order. Goethe's Faust < >, support Maas Man's "magic mountain Mikhail Bulgakov >, < > master and Margaret, both with the theme of invigorating the theme and literary expression and make it become the problem of rational thinking and irrational. From the perspective of comparative literature theme, based on < > Faust or Gerd himself to Thomas Man, Bulgakov in the creation, as well as < > > and < Faust little dialogue between the master," and Margaret ", a system combing the three works of" Val Pukki J night "theme of the inheritance, transformation, on the other hand, to explore the themes of the rational and profound thinking. The article is irrational divided into three parts. The first part of the study of" Wahl "Faust" Walpurgis Night "theme, through the analysis of the first Ministry of Faust" and "dream, second ancient Greek image of the" ugly "to And chase to primitive vitality, that Goethe borrowed the theme, emphasizing the original part about human and nature, namely the human desire, the original power of the nature and life of the native image, and in recognition of these non rational elements at the same time, through writing Faust "never satisfied" upward movement, portraying him as a present both emotional and rational, is unable to get rid of the natural desire and the pursuit of "experience" free will. This duality is the embodiment of Goethe personality duality, he is also in the feeling of pure rationalism limitations beyond the first exploration. The primitive vitality and rational spirit of pursuit, pay attention to the desire of Goethe, emotional and other non rational power, and look forward to the "rational kingdom", thus establishing a non rational, contains higher levels of rationality, realize non rational harmony in the rational restraint A "magic mountain. The second part revolves around Thomas Man's discovery >, originally described the devil night" Wahl Walpurgis Night "has been extended to the world, build a violation of conventional carnival world. At the end of nineteenth Century and early twentieth Century in the face of traditional rationalism decline, Thomas Mangen the hero incarnation of the rebels, not only bid farewell to the enlightenment the representative of the body into the Carol, but also the release of Eros, embrace the Oriental symbol. With these romantic irrational elements, Thomas Man realized the reason of rational reflection and measure, and show close to full of irrational colors of the Oriental Road in ideology, in order to echo the" decline of the west "lament and diffuse irrationalism in Europe. The third part focuses on Mikhail Bulgakov's" master and Margaret >, Lord To discuss the author in "Wahl Walpurgis Night" theme in the crazy fantasy. In times of change in Russia, Bulgakov is lonely "literature of the wolf, durance of the real world, so he had to resort to fantasy. He found the way out in the Gogol tradition, the mysticism in the context of the performance. Based on the continuation of the traditional" Wahl Walpurgis Night "elements, adding the vengeance and the devil as the judge's role, let people replace their revenge to the real world, and to laugh the way digestion. In real life, loss of faith, the pursuit of rational vulgar material; but in the deconstruction of the shape and at the same time, Brandt the eternal female virgin aura, giving the save function, expression of Mariolatry and the desire for" save the world ", transfer out of the non rational belief from the Orthodox tradition." Wahl, Phuket Night "theme, Gerd, Thomas Man, Bulgakov have been thinking of rational and irrational problems. They see the one-way thinking tendency era value standard, the intention of calling value orientation by the world. This kind of thinking is to ignore them in the life of the eternal problem of limited search, which shows a kind of rational thinking and critical reflection. It reflects the desire to go beyond the limited life and existence of the pursuit of the eternal.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：I106.4

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