關(guān)系從句由于其句法的復雜性和類型學的多樣性而成為心理語言學中重要的研究領(lǐng)域。主語關(guān)系從句和賓語關(guān)系從句的對比為心理語言學家和神經(jīng)語言學家提供了可靠的加工復雜句子區(qū)別的佐證（Schlesewsky & Schlesewsky 2009:198）。Keenan & Comrie （1977）在近50種語言基礎(chǔ)上的跨語言研究被譽為是迄今為止“最有影響力的語言共性研究之一”（Fox 1987:856）。在此研究基礎(chǔ)上提出的“名詞短語可及性層次”認為關(guān)系化策略遵循一個以語法關(guān)系為主的層次,這個層次中越位于高端的語法成分,可及性越高,越被容易關(guān)系化�！翱杉靶詫哟巍狈从沉恕凹庸r的心理難易程度”（Keenan & Comrie 1977:68）。主語位于這個層次的最高位置,所以主語關(guān)系從句最容易被加工。無獨有偶,“可及性層次理論”提出的主語關(guān)系從句優(yōu)先加工的共性在“經(jīng)驗理論”（Mitchell et al. 1995; Hale 2001）中也被提出�！敖�(jīng)驗理論”在跨語言研究的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)現(xiàn)主語關(guān)系從句出現(xiàn)的頻率大于賓語關(guān)系從句出現(xiàn)的頻率。在產(chǎn)出的頻率與其加工的難易程度成正相關(guān)的... 

【文章來源】：東北師范大學吉林省 211工程院校 教育部直屬院校

【文章頁數(shù)】：175 頁

【學位級別】：博士

【文章目錄】：
Abstract
摘要
List of Tables
List of Figures
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
Chapter One Introducti
    1.1 Motivation of the
        1.1.1 The importance of relative clauses
        1.1.2 Universal processing preference and Current gaps
    1.2 Aims and research questions of the study
    1.3 Structure of the dissertation
Chapter Two Typology of relative clause
    2.1. Types of relative clauses
        2.1.1 External-headed RCs vs Internal-headed RCs vs Correlative RCs
        2.1.2 Postnominal / head-initial RCs vs Prenominal / head-final RCs
        2.1.3 Subject-extracted RCs vs Object-extracted RCs
        2.1.4 Subject-modifying vs Object-modifying RCs
    2.2 Word order type and RC type
    2.3 Typological characteristics of English relative clauses
        2.3.1 Restrictive vs non-restrictive clauses in English
        2.3.2 Derivation of English RCs
    2.4 Typological characteristics of Chinese relative clauses
        2.4.1 Typological characteristics of Chinese
            2.4.1.1 Morphological structure
            2.4.1.2 Vague clause boundaries
            2.4.1.3 Canonical word order
            2.4.1.4 Pro-drop in Chinese
            2.4.1.5 Topicalization in Chinese
        2.4.2 The Uniqueness of Chinese RC
            2.4.2.1 The position of head noun and restricting clause
            2.4.2.2 Grammatical roles of “DE”
Chapter Three Sentence Processing Mode
    3.1 Universal subject preference
        3.1.1 Noun Phrase Accessibility Hierarchy
        3.1.2 Experience
    3.2 Working memory accounts (Gibson 1998, 2000)
        3.2.1 Storage Resources
            3.2.1.1 Storage of incomplete head dependencies
            3.2.1.2 Prediction about English RC processing
            3.2.1.3 Prediction about Chinese RC processing
        3.2.2 Integration Cost
            3.2.2.1 Linear distance between filler and gap
            3.2.2.2 Prediction about English RC processing
            3.2.2.3 Prediction about Chinese RC processing
        3.2.3 A brief comment: a bridge from structural theories to processing theories
    3.3 Structure-based theories
        3.3.1 Filler-Gap Domain (FGD) (Hawkins 1999, 2004)
            3.3.1.1. Structural distance between filler and subcategorizer
            3.3.1.2 Prediction about English RC processing
            3.3.1.3 Prediction about Chinese RC Processing made by Fill-Gap Domain
        3.3.2 Phrase-Structural Distance Hypothesis
            3.3.2.1 Hierarchy distance between filler and gap
            3.3.2.2 Prediction about English RC processing
            3.3.2.3 Prediction about Chinese RC processing
    3.4 Word order theory
        3.4.1 Canonical word order vs non-canonical word order
        3.4.2 Prediction about the English RC processing
        3.4.3 Prediction about Chinese RC processing
    3.5 Pragmatic functional perspective shift
        3.5.1 Subject as a default perspective of readers
        3.5.2 Prediction about English RC processing
        3.5.3 Prediction about Chinese RC processing
    3.6 An evaluation of predictions about English and Chinese RC processing
Chapter Four Previous studies and findings
    4.1 Processing relative clauses
        4.1.1 Basic observations
        4.1.2 Neurophysiological evidence
        4.1.3 Neuroanatomical evidence
    4.2 Consistent results with universality from English RC processing
        4.2.1 General remarks
        4.2.2 Eye-movement monitor
        4.2.3 Self-paced reading
        4.2.4 Event-related potential studies
        4.2.5 Brain imaging studies using fMRI and PET
        4.2.6 Lesion studies: Aphasia
    4.3 Mixed results on Chinese RC processing
        4.3.1 Self-paced reading
            4.3.1.1 Hsiao & Gibson (2003) – supporting cross-linguistic processing preference
            4.3.1.2 Lin & Bever (2006) – supporting universal processing preference
            4.3.1.3 Lin & Garnsey – the effect of head noun’s existence and animacy cues
        4.3.2 A maze task
        4.3.3 Corpora studies –supporting universal processing preference
        4.3.4 Event-related potential studies
Chapter Five An ERP experiment on Chinese RC processi
    5.1 ERP methodology
        5.1.1 An overview of ERP
        5.1.2 Geodesic EEG System
        5.1.3 Software-relating ERP experiments
        5.1.4 ERP language-related components
            5.1.4.1 N400
            5.1.4.2 P600
            5.1.4.3 Early left anterior negativity (ELAN)
    5.2 The ERP experiment design on Chinese relative clause processing
        5.2.1 Aims
        5.2.2 Participants
        5.2.3 Materials and task
        5.2.4 Design
        5.2.5 Procedure
        5.2.6 Electrophysiological recordings and preprocessing
        5.2.7 Data analysis
    5.3 Results
        5.3.1 Behavioral results
        5.3.2 Spatial Aspects of the ERP data
        5.3.3 Statistical results
            5.3.3.1Testing prior results of asymmetry processing
            5.3.3.2 Introducing of topicalization effect
            5.3.3.3 Minimal pair analysis
                5.3.3.3.1 Subject-modifying RCs
                5.3.3.3.2 Object-modifying RCs
                5.3.3.3.3 Topicalized RCs
    5.4 Discussions
        5.4.1 Testing prior results of processing asymmetry
            5.4.1.1 Procedure of Chinese RC processing
            5.4.1.2 Object relatives preference in Chinese
        5.4.2 Involvement of topicalized sentences
            5.4.2.1 Procedure of relative clause processing
            5.4.2.2 Object relative preference in Chinese
        5.4.3 Minimal pair analysis
            5.4.3.1 Processing asymmetry in subject-modifying RCs
            5.4.3.2 Processing asymmetry in object-modifying RCs
            5.4.3.3 Processing asymmetry in topicalized RCs
            5.4.3.4 An integration results from minimal pair analysis
        5.4.4 Evaluation of sentence processing models
            5.4.4.1 Evaluation of Noun Phrase Accessibility Hierarchy
            5.4.4.2 Evaluation of Frequency
            5.4.4.3 Evaluation of Storage Cost
            5.4.4.4 Evaluation of Integration Cost
            5.4.4.5 Evaluation of Filler-Gap Domain
            5.4.4.6 Evaluation of Phrase-Structural Distance Hypothesis
            5.4.4.7 Evaluation of Canonical Word Order Hypothesis
            5.4.4.8 Evaluation of Perspective Shift theory
    5.5 Conclusions
        5.5.1 Non-applicability of universal subject preference to Chinese
        5.5.2 General phenomenon of object relatives preference in Chinese
        5.5.3 Non-existence of a universal processing model
        5.5.4 Other findings contributing to a comprehensive model
            5.5.4.1 Function of canonical word order in RCs
            5.5.4.2 An unmarked RC form in English and Chinese
Chapter Six Concluding remark
    6.1 General findings
    6.2 Significance of the study
    6.3 Limitations of the study
    6.4 Suggestions for future research
References
Appendix: Experimental Materials
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
在學期間發(fā)表的論文及著作情況


【參考文獻】：
期刊論文
[1]關(guān)系從句加工優(yōu)勢及局部句法復雜性解釋——以漢語主賓語位置的關(guān)系從句加工為例[J]. 張強,江火.  外語研究. 2010(06)
[2]漢語賓語關(guān)系從句加工優(yōu)勢——來自神經(jīng)電生理學研究的證據(jù)[J]. 張強,楊亦鳴.  語言科學. 2010(04)
[3]漢語賓語關(guān)系從句加工優(yōu)勢論——來自失語癥研究的證據(jù)[J]. 周統(tǒng)權(quán),鄭偉,舒華,楊亦鳴.  語言科學. 2010(03)
[4]“的”字的句法、語義功能[J]. 黃國營.  語言研究. 1982(01)



本文編號：3513571