對外漢語敬謙語教學(xué)研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-05-23 10:43
【摘要】：凡是含有恭敬或者謙虛的基本意義或色彩意義的詞語都是敬謙語。一些本來沒有敬謙屬性的詞語在一些特定的場合中,含有了恭敬或者謙虛的感情色彩,那么在這種場合下,這些詞語就是敬謙語,是對外漢語敬謙語教學(xué)的教學(xué)對象。敬謙語的特點(diǎn)表現(xiàn)在語境相關(guān)性和時(shí)代差異性上�，F(xiàn)代漢語敬謙語可以分為兩類:一類是稱謂性敬謙語,另一類是表述性敬謙語。根據(jù)上述分類,同時(shí)將敬語與謙語分開統(tǒng)計(jì),考查《國際漢語教學(xué)通用課程大綱(修訂版)》發(fā)現(xiàn):1.稱謂性敬謙語的數(shù)量稍多,表述性敬謙語的數(shù)量較少,而且未收入日常交際中常用的敬謙語。2.大綱中敬謙語的排列等級不甚合理。3.大綱中敬語的數(shù)量明顯要多于謙語的數(shù)量�？疾椤稘h語水平詞匯與漢字等級大綱(修訂本)》發(fā)現(xiàn):1.《詞匯大綱》與《課程大綱》相同,所收錄的敬謙語都是敬語數(shù)量多于謙語。2.甲級詞匯中的敬謙語占的比例最高,其次是乙級詞匯和丙級詞匯,丁級詞匯中的敬謙語所占比例最小�！对~匯大綱》中的甲級詞是最常用詞,乙級詞是常用詞,丙級詞是次常用詞,丁級詞是通用詞。據(jù)此可以發(fā)現(xiàn):最常用詞中的敬謙語比例最高。說明對外漢語學(xué)習(xí)者在漢語學(xué)習(xí)之初,就應(yīng)了解并掌握簡單的敬謙詞語。這就要求對外漢語初級教材中需要包含一定量的常用敬謙詞語,而且對外漢語教師應(yīng)根據(jù)教學(xué)內(nèi)容,幫助學(xué)生理解和學(xué)會使用漢語敬謙語。3.《詞匯大綱》中的敬謙語排列順序也存在一定問題,未能體現(xiàn)“急用先學(xué)”的原則。此外,考查初級階段對外漢語教材《漢語教程》上、下冊的敬謙語分布情況可知,教材中的敬謙語編排在內(nèi)容選擇、注釋講解和出現(xiàn)頻率上都有待改進(jìn),有關(guān)謙語方面的內(nèi)容分布和講解亟待加強(qiáng)。優(yōu)化對外漢語初級教材中敬謙語的注釋,有利于留學(xué)生在課下預(yù)習(xí)和復(fù)習(xí)教材中有關(guān)敬謙語的內(nèi)容,從而更好地掌握敬謙語和中國“禮”文化。根據(jù)調(diào)查問卷(初級)、(中高級)的調(diào)查結(jié)果和錯(cuò)誤分析,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)對外漢語學(xué)習(xí)的初級階段是學(xué)習(xí)者習(xí)得敬謙語的基礎(chǔ)階段,也是最佳階段。在這一階段介紹中國“禮”文化、“敬謙”文化和漢語敬謙語有利于學(xué)習(xí)者在漢語學(xué)習(xí)之初就了解敬謙語和中國文化,減少跨文化交際障礙的發(fā)生幾率。因此在初級階段的敬謙語教學(xué)很重要,對外漢語教師應(yīng)在授課過程中加強(qiáng)此方面的教學(xué),讓學(xué)生了解并學(xué)會運(yùn)用敬謙語。針對大綱、教材和調(diào)查問卷反映出來的問題,在設(shè)計(jì)“漢語敬謙語”主題課時(shí)確定了教學(xué)對象、教學(xué)目標(biāo)和內(nèi)容、教學(xué)方法及步驟,繼而開展針對初級階段留學(xué)生的“漢語敬謙語”教學(xué)實(shí)際,隨后使用當(dāng)堂隨堂測試的方式考察學(xué)生的敬謙語習(xí)得情況,反思教學(xué)方式和效果,最后總結(jié)教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
[Abstract]:Any word that contains the basic meaning or color meaning of respect or modesty is a word of respect and humility. In some specific occasions, some words that do not have the attribute of respect and modesty contain the emotional color of respect or modesty, so in this case, these words are respect for humility and the teaching object of respect for humility as a foreign language. The characteristics of humility are manifested in the relevance of context and the differences of the times. Modern Chinese humility can be divided into two categories: one is appellation respect humility, the other is declarative humility. According to the above classification, the honorific language and humility are counted separately, and the general syllabus for international Chinese teaching (revised edition) is examined and found that: 1. The number of appellation humility is slightly higher, the number of declarative humility is small, and it is not included in the humility commonly used in daily communication. 2. The ranking of humility in the outline is not very reasonable. The number of honorific words in the outline is significantly more than that of humility. A review of the Chinese level Vocabulary and Chinese character Grade outline (revised) shows that: 1. The Vocabulary syllabus is the same as the Curriculum outline, and the number of honorific words included is more than that of humility. 2. The proportion of humility in Grade A vocabulary is the highest, followed by Grade B vocabulary and Grade C vocabulary, and the proportion of humility words in Grade D vocabulary is the smallest. Grade A words in the outline of Vocabulary are the most commonly used words, and Grade B words are common words. Class C word is a second common word, Ding level word is a general word. According to this, we can find that the proportion of humility in the most commonly used words is the highest. It shows that at the beginning of learning Chinese as a foreign language, learners should understand and master simple respectful words. This requires that the primary teaching material of Chinese as a foreign language should contain a certain amount of commonly used respectful words, and teachers of Chinese as a foreign language should be based on the teaching content. To help students understand and learn to use humility in Chinese. 3. There are also some problems in the order of humility in the Vocabulary outline, which fails to reflect the principle of "learning first." In addition, the distribution of humility in the textbook of Chinese as a foreign language in the primary stage of the textbook, the distribution of humility in the next volume, shows that the arrangement of humility in the textbook needs to be improved in terms of content selection, explanation of notes and frequency of occurrence. The distribution and explanation of humility should be strengthened urgently. Optimizing the notes of humility in the primary textbook of Chinese as a foreign language is helpful for foreign students to preview and review the content of humility in the textbook after class, so as to better master the culture of humility and Chinese "propriety". According to the survey results and error analysis of the questionnaire (junior), (middle and advanced), we find that the primary stage of learning Chinese as a foreign language is the basic stage and the best stage for learners to acquire respectful and humble language. At this stage, the introduction of Chinese "propriety" culture, "respectful modesty" culture and Chinese respectful humility language is helpful for learners to understand respectful humility and Chinese culture at the beginning of Chinese learning, and reduce the probability of intercultural communication barriers. Therefore, it is very important to teach humility in the primary stage. Teachers of Chinese as a foreign language should strengthen this teaching in the course of teaching, so that students can understand and learn to use humility. In view of the problems reflected in the outline, teaching materials and questionnaires, the teaching objects, teaching objectives and contents, teaching methods and steps are determined in the design of the theme course of "Chinese respect for humility". Then we carry out the teaching practice of "Chinese respect and humility" for foreign students in the primary stage, and then use the way of following the classroom test to investigate the students' acquisition of humility, reflect on the teaching methods and effects, and finally summarize the teaching experience.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：揚(yáng)州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：H195.3
本文編號：2483834
[Abstract]:Any word that contains the basic meaning or color meaning of respect or modesty is a word of respect and humility. In some specific occasions, some words that do not have the attribute of respect and modesty contain the emotional color of respect or modesty, so in this case, these words are respect for humility and the teaching object of respect for humility as a foreign language. The characteristics of humility are manifested in the relevance of context and the differences of the times. Modern Chinese humility can be divided into two categories: one is appellation respect humility, the other is declarative humility. According to the above classification, the honorific language and humility are counted separately, and the general syllabus for international Chinese teaching (revised edition) is examined and found that: 1. The number of appellation humility is slightly higher, the number of declarative humility is small, and it is not included in the humility commonly used in daily communication. 2. The ranking of humility in the outline is not very reasonable. The number of honorific words in the outline is significantly more than that of humility. A review of the Chinese level Vocabulary and Chinese character Grade outline (revised) shows that: 1. The Vocabulary syllabus is the same as the Curriculum outline, and the number of honorific words included is more than that of humility. 2. The proportion of humility in Grade A vocabulary is the highest, followed by Grade B vocabulary and Grade C vocabulary, and the proportion of humility words in Grade D vocabulary is the smallest. Grade A words in the outline of Vocabulary are the most commonly used words, and Grade B words are common words. Class C word is a second common word, Ding level word is a general word. According to this, we can find that the proportion of humility in the most commonly used words is the highest. It shows that at the beginning of learning Chinese as a foreign language, learners should understand and master simple respectful words. This requires that the primary teaching material of Chinese as a foreign language should contain a certain amount of commonly used respectful words, and teachers of Chinese as a foreign language should be based on the teaching content. To help students understand and learn to use humility in Chinese. 3. There are also some problems in the order of humility in the Vocabulary outline, which fails to reflect the principle of "learning first." In addition, the distribution of humility in the textbook of Chinese as a foreign language in the primary stage of the textbook, the distribution of humility in the next volume, shows that the arrangement of humility in the textbook needs to be improved in terms of content selection, explanation of notes and frequency of occurrence. The distribution and explanation of humility should be strengthened urgently. Optimizing the notes of humility in the primary textbook of Chinese as a foreign language is helpful for foreign students to preview and review the content of humility in the textbook after class, so as to better master the culture of humility and Chinese "propriety". According to the survey results and error analysis of the questionnaire (junior), (middle and advanced), we find that the primary stage of learning Chinese as a foreign language is the basic stage and the best stage for learners to acquire respectful and humble language. At this stage, the introduction of Chinese "propriety" culture, "respectful modesty" culture and Chinese respectful humility language is helpful for learners to understand respectful humility and Chinese culture at the beginning of Chinese learning, and reduce the probability of intercultural communication barriers. Therefore, it is very important to teach humility in the primary stage. Teachers of Chinese as a foreign language should strengthen this teaching in the course of teaching, so that students can understand and learn to use humility. In view of the problems reflected in the outline, teaching materials and questionnaires, the teaching objects, teaching objectives and contents, teaching methods and steps are determined in the design of the theme course of "Chinese respect for humility". Then we carry out the teaching practice of "Chinese respect and humility" for foreign students in the primary stage, and then use the way of following the classroom test to investigate the students' acquisition of humility, reflect on the teaching methods and effects, and finally summarize the teaching experience.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：揚(yáng)州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：H195.3
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