母語(yǔ)非漢語(yǔ)學(xué)生雙音并列合成詞語(yǔ)素錯(cuò)序研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2019-01-06 05:19
【摘要】:雙音并列合成詞構(gòu)詞能力強(qiáng)、詞匯結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、數(shù)量大、使用頻率高等因素使它成為漢語(yǔ)復(fù)合詞中的一種獨(dú)特類(lèi)型。從形式來(lái)說(shuō),有的雙音并列合成詞的語(yǔ)素可以顛倒,形成同素逆序并列合成詞,但有的雙音并列合成詞構(gòu)詞語(yǔ)素不可顛倒,否則即成偏誤。從雙音并列合成詞的語(yǔ)素間關(guān)系看,包括同義語(yǔ)素并列合成詞、相關(guān)義語(yǔ)素并列合成詞、反義語(yǔ)素并列合成詞及偏義語(yǔ)素并列合成詞等。本文的考察對(duì)象屬于不可逆序的雙音并列合成詞,包括上面四種語(yǔ)義類(lèi)型。在漢語(yǔ)中語(yǔ)序是表達(dá)語(yǔ)法意義的重要手段,而在合成詞的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)中,語(yǔ)素序也有著重要的意義。母語(yǔ)非漢語(yǔ)學(xué)生在習(xí)得不可逆序的雙音并列合成詞時(shí)往往出現(xiàn)語(yǔ)素序的偏誤。本文即以《漢語(yǔ)水平詞匯與漢字等級(jí)大綱》為等級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),以南京師范大學(xué)國(guó)際文化教育學(xué)院留學(xué)生使用的《漢語(yǔ)初級(jí)強(qiáng)化教程Ⅰ》和《漢語(yǔ)初級(jí)強(qiáng)化教程Ⅱ》、該院學(xué)生的口頭和書(shū)面作業(yè)以及已有的同類(lèi)研究成果為選詞范圍,最終選取145個(gè)不可逆序的雙音并列合成詞進(jìn)行研究。本文的研究包括以下幾個(gè)主要內(nèi)容。首先,從語(yǔ)素組合結(jié)構(gòu)和語(yǔ)素序制約因素兩個(gè)方面進(jìn)行研究,以確定制約雙音并列合成詞語(yǔ)素序的因素。通過(guò)分析我們發(fā)現(xiàn)所研究的雙音并列合成詞的語(yǔ)素序受到語(yǔ)音、語(yǔ)義、文化等多種因素制約,母語(yǔ)非漢語(yǔ)學(xué)生在習(xí)得過(guò)程中因?yàn)閷?duì)這些因素不了解,所以出現(xiàn)語(yǔ)素序的偏誤。其次,使用調(diào)查問(wèn)卷來(lái)考察學(xué)生的偏誤情況。通過(guò)測(cè)試我們發(fā)現(xiàn)雙音并列合成詞語(yǔ)素錯(cuò)序現(xiàn)象是母語(yǔ)非漢語(yǔ)學(xué)生的一種普遍而且頑固的偏誤。從學(xué)生漢語(yǔ)水平和國(guó)家地域兩個(gè)角度來(lái)分析,我們發(fā)現(xiàn):母語(yǔ)非漢語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者的漢語(yǔ)水平與偏誤率成反比,即初級(jí)水平學(xué)生更容易出現(xiàn)該類(lèi)偏誤;不同國(guó)家的學(xué)生的偏誤情況也存在一定差異。從各個(gè)題目上來(lái)看,隨著題目類(lèi)型難度的增加,學(xué)生出現(xiàn)語(yǔ)素錯(cuò)序的比率也在上升。從雙音并列合成詞特征與偏誤的關(guān)系來(lái)看有以下規(guī)律:第一,偏誤率隨詞匯難度的增加而逐漸上升;第二,不符合漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音組合規(guī)律及語(yǔ)義關(guān)系的詞偏誤率較高;第三,體現(xiàn)中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化或語(yǔ)用習(xí)慣的詞偏誤率較高;第四,與學(xué)生母語(yǔ)詞匯對(duì)應(yīng)形式不一致的詞偏誤率較高。最后,分析測(cè)試結(jié)果,歸納偏誤原因并提出教學(xué)建議。偏誤原因主要有以下幾點(diǎn):第一,語(yǔ)言學(xué)因素,包括母語(yǔ)負(fù)遷移、目的語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)特殊及重視語(yǔ)素序的特點(diǎn);第二,學(xué)習(xí)者因素包括漢語(yǔ)知識(shí)水平、認(rèn)知心理及學(xué)習(xí)策略;第三,教學(xué)因素,主要是教師教學(xué)因素。教學(xué)建議主要有:第一,重視培養(yǎng)漢語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者的語(yǔ)序意識(shí);第二,利用語(yǔ)素位置構(gòu)建詞匯網(wǎng)絡(luò);第三,語(yǔ)素教學(xué)與詞匯教學(xué)相結(jié)合;第四,適當(dāng)講解并列式合成詞構(gòu)詞特點(diǎn);第五,加強(qiáng)學(xué)生母語(yǔ)與目的語(yǔ)詞匯對(duì)比研究,明確詞匯教學(xué)重難點(diǎn);第六,培養(yǎng)學(xué)習(xí)者文化意識(shí),重視詞匯民族性。
[Abstract]:Because of its strong word-formation ability, complex lexical structure, large number and high frequency of use, dicyllabic and juxtaposition compound words have become a unique type in Chinese compound words. In form, the morpheme of some disyllabic and paratactic compound words can be reversed, and the conformation morpheme of some dicyllabic and paratonic compound words can not be reversed, otherwise it will be a mistake. From the perspective of the relationship between morphemes of dichotomous and juxtaposable words, it includes synonymous morphemes, related morphemes, antisense morphemes and skewed morphemes, and so on. The object of this paper is an irreversibility binosyllabic and parallel compound word, including the above four semantic types. Word order is an important means of expressing grammatical meaning in Chinese, and morpheme order also plays an important role in the internal structure of compound words. Non-native Chinese students often have morpheme errors when they acquire irreversibility dicyllabic and parallel compound words. This paper takes the outline of Chinese level Vocabulary and Chinese characters as the grading standard, and takes the Chinese Primary intensive course 鈪,
本文編號(hào):2402393
[Abstract]:Because of its strong word-formation ability, complex lexical structure, large number and high frequency of use, dicyllabic and juxtaposition compound words have become a unique type in Chinese compound words. In form, the morpheme of some disyllabic and paratactic compound words can be reversed, and the conformation morpheme of some dicyllabic and paratonic compound words can not be reversed, otherwise it will be a mistake. From the perspective of the relationship between morphemes of dichotomous and juxtaposable words, it includes synonymous morphemes, related morphemes, antisense morphemes and skewed morphemes, and so on. The object of this paper is an irreversibility binosyllabic and parallel compound word, including the above four semantic types. Word order is an important means of expressing grammatical meaning in Chinese, and morpheme order also plays an important role in the internal structure of compound words. Non-native Chinese students often have morpheme errors when they acquire irreversibility dicyllabic and parallel compound words. This paper takes the outline of Chinese level Vocabulary and Chinese characters as the grading standard, and takes the Chinese Primary intensive course 鈪,
本文編號(hào):2402393
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