【摘要】：魏晉南北朝時(shí)期,漢語發(fā)生了重大變化。述補(bǔ)式和處置式這兩種語法形式在這一時(shí)期也產(chǎn)生了新的變化,既沿用了上古漢語中原有的句式,又受外來語的影響,吸收了外來語中的句式特點(diǎn),產(chǎn)生了新的語法形式。弄清這一階段的這兩種語法形式的演變情況,能夠?yàn)槲覀儗?duì)述補(bǔ)式和處置式的研究提供重要的線索。述補(bǔ)式是漢語發(fā)展史上的一個(gè)重要現(xiàn)象,一直受到學(xué)者們的關(guān)注。對(duì)于中古時(shí)期述補(bǔ)式的研究,學(xué)者們歷來著眼于動(dòng)結(jié)式、動(dòng)趨式和“得”字結(jié)構(gòu)的研究。處置式是漢語中一種特殊的句法結(jié)構(gòu),目前學(xué)界對(duì)于處置式的研究集中于處置式的來源、產(chǎn)生時(shí)間和分類等問題。本文以《賢愚經(jīng)》為研究對(duì)象,首先對(duì)該書中的述補(bǔ)式和處置式進(jìn)行窮盡性的調(diào)查,再對(duì)其進(jìn)行分類,從各句式進(jìn)行平面描寫,總結(jié)其特點(diǎn);其次,將其與上古漢語的述補(bǔ)式和處置式進(jìn)行歷時(shí)比較研究,考察《賢愚經(jīng)》中新的語法現(xiàn)象和特點(diǎn);最后,將《賢愚經(jīng)》與《世說新語》、《過去現(xiàn)在因果經(jīng)》、《百喻經(jīng)》中述補(bǔ)式和處置式進(jìn)行共時(shí)比較研究,探索《賢愚經(jīng)》中這兩種語法形式的使用情況及特點(diǎn)。全文除緒論和結(jié)語外共四章。緒論闡述了述補(bǔ)式和處置式研究的意義、《賢愚經(jīng)》研究現(xiàn)狀、述補(bǔ)式和處置式的研究現(xiàn)狀、本文的研究內(nèi)容、研究方法和指稱符號(hào)的介紹;第一章為《賢愚經(jīng)》中各類述補(bǔ)式的全面描寫,主要分析述補(bǔ)式的使用情況以及補(bǔ)語的語義指向;第二章為《賢愚經(jīng)》中各類處置式的全面描寫,從廣義處置式和狹義處置式來介紹中古時(shí)期處置式的使用情況及特點(diǎn);第三章為《賢愚經(jīng)》中述補(bǔ)式的歷時(shí)和共時(shí)比較研究;第四章為《賢愚經(jīng)》中處置式的歷時(shí)和共時(shí)比較研究。最后是結(jié)語部分,介紹《賢愚經(jīng)》中述補(bǔ)式和處置式的相關(guān)結(jié)論以及本文研究的不足和對(duì)進(jìn)一步研究的展望。
[Abstract]:During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties, great changes have taken place in Chinese. In this period, the two grammatical forms of predicate and complement and disposition have also brought about new changes. They have not only used the old sentence pattern in the ancient Chinese, but also been influenced by the foreign loan, and absorbed the characteristics of the sentence structure in the foreign loan, and produced a new grammatical form. Understanding the evolution of these two grammatical forms in this stage can provide an important clue for us to study the declarative complement and disposition. Predicate-complement is an important phenomenon in the history of Chinese development, which has been concerned by scholars all the time. Scholars have always focused on the study of movement-resultant, movement-tendency and "de" in the study of narration and complement in the Middle Ancient period. Disposition is a kind of special syntactic structure in Chinese. At present, scholars' research on disposition is focused on the source, time and classification of disposition. In this paper, the author takes the book as the research object. Firstly, the author makes an exhaustive investigation of the narration and disposition in the book, then classifies it, describes the sentence patterns in a plane, and summarizes its characteristics. Secondly, the author makes a diachronic comparative study with the narration, complement and disposition of the ancient Chinese to investigate the new grammatical phenomena and characteristics in the Book of Wisdom and folklore. Finally, the synchronic and comparative study is carried out on the synchronic and comparative study of the two grammatical forms in "the Book of Mercy and folklore", "the cause and effect Sutra of the past and present", and the "Baiyu Sutra", in order to explore the usage and characteristics of these two grammatical forms in "the Book of Mercy and folly". In addition to the introduction and conclusion, there are four chapters. The introduction expounds the significance of the research of the "Xian-Yu" and "the disposition", the present situation of the study, the research of the "narration and complement" and the "disposition", the content of the research, the research methods and the introduction of the referential symbols. The first chapter is the comprehensive description of all kinds of narration and complement in the Book of Mercy and folklore, which mainly analyzes the use of the descriptive complement and the semantic direction of the complement. The second chapter is a comprehensive description of various types of disposition in the Book of Mercy and folklore, which introduces the use and characteristics of the disposition style in the Middle Ancient period from the broad and narrow ways, the third chapter is the diachronic and synchronic comparative study of the narration and complement style in the Book of Mercy and folklore. The fourth chapter is the diachronic and synchronic comparative study of disposition in the Book of Mercy and folklore. The last part is the conclusion, which introduces the related conclusions of the narration, complement and disposition in the Book of Mercy and the deficiency of this study and the prospect of further research.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：H141

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