【摘要】：化解沖突,實(shí)現(xiàn)語(yǔ)言緩和與人際和諧,既是人類社會(huì)發(fā)展的內(nèi)在需要,也是人性的內(nèi)在要求。高校作為社會(huì)的一個(gè)縮影,對(duì)大學(xué)生的話語(yǔ)沖突特性進(jìn)行研究,分析大學(xué)生沖突性話語(yǔ)的特征,探索化解策略,對(duì)構(gòu)建流暢交際環(huán)境與和諧校園,具有實(shí)踐性意義。采用語(yǔ)料庫(kù)法,借助錄音轉(zhuǎn)寫(xiě)工具,運(yùn)用民族志法搜集語(yǔ)料,結(jié)合問(wèn)卷調(diào)查方式,以面子威脅與禮貌原則為理論框架,分析大學(xué)生沖突性話語(yǔ)的類型及其類特點(diǎn),提出減少或消除不同種類話語(yǔ)沖突的語(yǔ)用策略。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)包括兩大方面:第一,沖突性話語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)用特征方面,大學(xué)生沖突性話語(yǔ)在面子威脅程度上總體比較中度。根據(jù)面子威脅程度,大學(xué)生沖突性話語(yǔ)可分為五類,分別是輕度面子威脅行為、中度面子威脅行為、中度偏上面子威脅行為、高度面子威脅行為和極高度面子威脅行為。輕度面子威脅行為主要發(fā)生在學(xué)生與管理者之間、學(xué)生個(gè)體與群體之間、學(xué)生密友之間和學(xué)生與陌生人之間;中度面子威脅行為主要包含反對(duì)、“倚熟賣熟”、脫離群體、忽視他人關(guān)心和背離戀情五種情形;中度偏上面子威脅行為包含打擾或限制他人、誤解或責(zé)怪他人和冒犯他人三種情形;高度面子威脅行為包含直接抵抗和間接反對(duì)兩種形式;極高度面子威脅行為主要通過(guò)開(kāi)頭爆發(fā)和逐漸爆發(fā)兩種形式發(fā)展。其中,中度及中度偏上面子威脅行為在大學(xué)生沖突性話語(yǔ)中表現(xiàn)最為明顯。由于“縮短雙方距離”的易接納性,中度面子威脅行為對(duì)應(yīng)的積極面子威脅,在強(qiáng)加程度上略低于中度偏上面子威脅行為所對(duì)應(yīng)的消極面子威脅。第二,禮貌補(bǔ)救策略方面,包容的視角和歉疚的態(tài)度和第三方介入,在減輕大學(xué)生話語(yǔ)沖突上突出適用。首先,由于策略本身的“經(jīng)濟(jì)”和“謙虛”特性,補(bǔ)救策略中的消極禮貌策略受到大學(xué)生的廣泛采用。其次,盡管實(shí)現(xiàn)消極禮貌策略的方式多樣,對(duì)于大學(xué)生而言,最普遍且有效的方式包含采用包容性視角和道歉兩種。最后,第三方介入方式,在保護(hù)雙方面子方面表現(xiàn)出獨(dú)特優(yōu)勢(shì),在化解大學(xué)生沖突性話語(yǔ)中起到重要作用。其中的“雙損”模式和“第三方受損”模式較為常見(jiàn)。鑒于本研究的缺憾,今后的研究,理論上應(yīng)結(jié)合中國(guó)文化特點(diǎn),提出更為完善的語(yǔ)用學(xué)禮貌原則,在語(yǔ)料庫(kù)的構(gòu)建上還應(yīng)擴(kuò)大對(duì)象范圍,以保證研究的客觀性。
[Abstract]:Resolving conflicts and realizing language relaxation and interpersonal harmony are not only the internal needs of the development of human society, but also the inherent requirements of human nature. As a microcosm of society, colleges and universities study the characteristics of college students' discourse conflict, analyze the characteristics of college students' conflicting discourse, and explore the resolving strategies, which are of practical significance to the construction of a smooth communication environment and a harmonious campus. With the help of corpus method, recording tool, ethnographic method and questionnaire survey, this paper analyzes the types and characteristics of college students' conflicting utterances based on the principle of face threat and politeness. This paper proposes pragmatic strategies to reduce or eliminate different kinds of discourse conflicts. The findings include two aspects: first, the pragmatic characteristics of conflicting utterances, the college students' conflicting utterances generally have a moderate degree of face threat. According to the degree of face threat, college students' conflicting discourse can be divided into five categories: mild face threatening behavior, moderate face threatening behavior, high face threatening behavior and extremely high face threatening behavior. Mild face-threatening behavior mainly occurs between students and administrators, between individual students and groups, between close friends of students and between students and strangers; The moderate face-threatening behavior mainly includes five kinds of situations, such as opposing, "knowing well and selling well", breaking away from the group, neglecting others' concern and deviating from the relationship; Moderate face threat includes disturbing or restricting others, misunderstanding or blaming others and offending others, while high face threat includes direct resistance and indirect opposition. The extremely high face threat behavior mainly develops through two forms: the initial outbreak and the gradual eruption. Among them, moderate and moderate face-threatening behavior is the most obvious in college students' conflicting discourse. Due to the acceptability of "shortening the distance between the two sides", the positive face threat corresponding to the moderate face threat is slightly lower than the negative face threat corresponding to the moderate face threat. Secondly, the politeness remediation strategy, the tolerant angle of view, the guilty attitude and the third party intervention, in the alleviation university student discourse conflict outstanding application. Firstly, because of its "economy" and "modesty", the passive politeness strategies in remedial strategies are widely used by college students. Secondly, although there are many ways to achieve negative politeness strategies, the most common and effective ways for college students include inclusive perspective and apology. Finally, the third party intervention mode shows unique advantages in protecting both sides' face and plays an important role in resolving college students' conflicting discourse. The "double loss" mode and the "third party damage" mode are more common. In view of the shortcomings of this study, the future research should be based on the characteristics of Chinese culture, put forward a more perfect pragmatic politeness principle, and enlarge the scope of the object in the construction of corpus to ensure the objectivity of the study.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京航空航天大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：H136

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