【摘要】：不僅事物有量的大小,動(dòng)作、性狀都有量的區(qū)別。在現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)中,通常用數(shù)詞和量詞以及數(shù)量短語(yǔ)來(lái)客觀、準(zhǔn)確地說(shuō)明量,例如“一本書(shū)”、“兩間房”“三天時(shí)間”等。但是有些數(shù)量結(jié)構(gòu)已經(jīng)不再準(zhǔn)確、客觀地表達(dá)量,而變得越來(lái)越依賴(lài)說(shuō)話人的主觀性,表達(dá)不同于實(shí)際量的主觀量,例如“半天”、“一桌子菜”、“一大堆土”等。本文擬從主觀性出發(fā)討論三種數(shù)量結(jié)構(gòu)的主觀量問(wèn)題。本文一共分為五章:緒論部分對(duì)主觀量的已有研究進(jìn)行了回顧,提出了一些存在的問(wèn)題,確定了本文的研究思路。第一章是相關(guān)概念和理論的介紹,主要包括量范疇、主觀性和主觀量三個(gè)方面。最重要的是理清了主觀性和主觀量之間的關(guān)系,為數(shù)量結(jié)構(gòu)的主觀量研究提供了理論前提。第二章以“半天”為例,研究時(shí)量性數(shù)量短語(yǔ)所表達(dá)的主觀量�！鞍胩臁庇袃煞N含義,既表達(dá)“白天的一半”,又表達(dá)“相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間”。前者表達(dá)的是客觀量,稱(chēng)為“半天1”;后者表達(dá)主觀量,稱(chēng)為“半天2”。本章通過(guò)對(duì)比兩者在句法上、語(yǔ)義上的不同,揭示出“半天2”表達(dá)主觀量的特點(diǎn),并分析“半天2”主觀量的來(lái)源。第三章研究特殊的“一+量”結(jié)構(gòu)的主觀量表達(dá)問(wèn)題,例如“一身汗”、“一鼻子灰”、“一屋子人”等。本章通過(guò)分析“一+量”結(jié)構(gòu)各個(gè)構(gòu)成部分的特點(diǎn),總結(jié)出其表達(dá)主觀量的規(guī)律,還對(duì)該結(jié)構(gòu)主觀量的來(lái)源和主觀性進(jìn)行了討論。第四章分析“數(shù)形量”結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)的主觀量,例如“一大張紙”、“一長(zhǎng)根鐵絲”等,通過(guò)分析進(jìn)入該結(jié)構(gòu)的數(shù)詞、量詞和形容詞的語(yǔ)義特征,揭示出其表達(dá)主觀量的特點(diǎn)。數(shù)形量結(jié)構(gòu)不僅可以表達(dá)主觀量,還具有繪形功能,使得數(shù)形量結(jié)構(gòu)的主觀性程度進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)。本文在主觀性視角下,研究三種類(lèi)型的數(shù)量結(jié)構(gòu)所表達(dá)的主觀量。它們?cè)诰浞üδ芎驼Z(yǔ)義功能上各有特點(diǎn),但在使用的過(guò)程中都變得越來(lái)越依賴(lài)說(shuō)話人的主觀性,最終成為主觀量的表達(dá)形式。它們所表達(dá)的主觀量不僅是期待量和實(shí)際量對(duì)比的結(jié)果,也是說(shuō)話人對(duì)量進(jìn)行夸張和強(qiáng)調(diào)的結(jié)果,不僅表達(dá)了說(shuō)話人對(duì)量的評(píng)價(jià)和看法,還突顯了說(shuō)話人的情感和態(tài)度。說(shuō)話人的主觀性在數(shù)量結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)主觀量的過(guò)程中發(fā)揮了十分重要的作用。
[Abstract]:Not only do things have quantitative differences in size, movement, and character. In modern Chinese, numerals, quantifiers and quantitative phrases are often used to describe quantities objectively and accurately, such as "one book", "two rooms", "three days' time" and so on. However, some quantitative structures are no longer accurate and objectively express quantity, and become more and more dependent on the subjectivity of the speaker and the subjective quantity which is different from the actual quantity, such as "half a day", "one table dish", "a lot of earth" and so on. In this paper, the subjective quantity problem of three kinds of quantitative structures is discussed on the basis of subjectivity. This paper is divided into five chapters: the introduction part reviews the existing research on subjective quantities, puts forward some existing problems, and determines the research ideas of this paper. The first chapter is the introduction of related concepts and theories, including quantitative category, subjectivity and subjective measurement. The most important thing is to clarify the relationship between subjectivity and subjective quantity, which provides a theoretical premise for the study of subjective quantity of quantitative structure. The second chapter takes Half-day as an example to study the subjective quantity expressed by quantitive phrases. Half-day has two meanings, half the day and a long time. The former expresses objective quantity, which is called "half day 1", and the latter expresses subjective quantity, called "half day 2". By comparing their syntactic and semantic differences, this chapter reveals the characteristics of "half-day 2" expressing subjective quantity, and analyzes the source of "half-day 2" subjective quantity. The third chapter studies the subjective expression of the special "one quantity" structure, such as "a sweat", "a grey nose", "a house of people" and so on. In this chapter, the characteristics of each component of "one quantity" structure are analyzed, the law of expressing subjective quantity is summarized, and the source and subjectivity of subjective quantity of this structure are also discussed. The fourth chapter analyzes the subjective quantity of the expression of "number quantity" structure, such as "a big sheet of paper", "a long wire", and so on. By analyzing the semantic characteristics of numerals, quantifiers and adjectives entering the structure, it reveals the characteristics of expressing subjective quantities. The structure of numerals can not only express subjective quantity, but also has the function of drawing shape, which makes the subjective degree of numeral-form structure more subjective. From the perspective of subjectivity, this paper studies the subjective quantities expressed by three types of quantitative structures. They have their own characteristics in syntactic and semantic functions, but they become more and more dependent on the subjectivity of the speaker in the process of using, and finally become the expression form of subjective quantity. The subjective quantity expressed by them is not only the result of the comparison of expectation quantity and actual quantity, but also the result of exaggeration and emphasis on quantity by the speaker. It not only expresses the speaker's evaluation and view of quantity, but also highlights the emotion and attitude of the speaker. The subjectivity of the speaker plays an important role in the process of expressing the subjective quantity in the quantitative structure.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：H146.2

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本文編號(hào)：2220025