【摘要】：本文基于自建整合構(gòu)式語(yǔ)法,立足權(quán)威語(yǔ)料庫(kù),采取定性與定量相結(jié)合的方法,從認(rèn)知角度出發(fā),多維度、綜合性對(duì)比分析漢英“NA表量構(gòu)式”,以期發(fā)現(xiàn)漢英“NA表量構(gòu)式”在本質(zhì)、類型及生成動(dòng)因上的異同。主要發(fā)現(xiàn):(1)漢英“NA表量構(gòu)式”的本質(zhì)主要體現(xiàn)在量本質(zhì)、量語(yǔ)言實(shí)現(xiàn)和量類轉(zhuǎn)變上。量本質(zhì)有語(yǔ)義量、句法量和語(yǔ)用量,量語(yǔ)言實(shí)現(xiàn)主要通過(guò)詞匯和語(yǔ)法手段。量類轉(zhuǎn)變發(fā)生在“N”為名詞,且與非空間維度形容詞構(gòu)成“NA表量構(gòu)式”時(shí)�！癗”為強(qiáng)空間量名詞時(shí),名詞從空間量轉(zhuǎn)化為性狀量;“N”為弱空間量名詞,量類轉(zhuǎn)變存在不確定性,與個(gè)體認(rèn)知有關(guān)。漢語(yǔ)“NA表量構(gòu)式”中約24%是弱空間量名詞時(shí),即漢語(yǔ)“NA表量構(gòu)式”的量類轉(zhuǎn)變,約有24%的不確定性;英語(yǔ)中約40%是弱空間量名詞,即英語(yǔ)中約有40%的不確定性。(2)根據(jù)內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)的松緊度可將漢英“NA表量構(gòu)式”分為短語(yǔ)式和類詞式。短語(yǔ)式“NA表量構(gòu)式”內(nèi)部允許插入其他成分,可按表量特征細(xì)分為確量短語(yǔ)“NA表量構(gòu)式”、估量-確量短語(yǔ)“NA表量構(gòu)式”和估量短語(yǔ)“NA表量構(gòu)式”。漢語(yǔ)確量短語(yǔ)“NA表量構(gòu)式”有4個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)類型,英語(yǔ)有5個(gè);漢語(yǔ)估量-確量短語(yǔ)“NA表量構(gòu)式”有11個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)類型,英語(yǔ)有3個(gè);漢語(yǔ)估量短語(yǔ)“NA表量構(gòu)式”有24個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)類型,英語(yǔ)有5個(gè)。類詞式“NA表量構(gòu)式”內(nèi)部不允許插入其他成分,可按形容詞維度進(jìn)行細(xì)分。漢英共有5種類詞式“NA表量構(gòu)式”;漢語(yǔ)獨(dú)有2種,英語(yǔ)獨(dú)有1種。(3)基于自建整合構(gòu)式語(yǔ)法和量類轉(zhuǎn)變,發(fā)現(xiàn)漢英類詞式“NA表量構(gòu)式”的生成遵循以下規(guī)律:類詞式“NA表量構(gòu)式”中,名詞與形容詞的量性特征一致時(shí),認(rèn)知識(shí)解上不存在量類轉(zhuǎn)變,該類構(gòu)式由概念隱喻生成;類詞式“NA表量構(gòu)式”中,名詞與形容詞的量性特征不一致時(shí),認(rèn)知識(shí)解上存在量類轉(zhuǎn)變,該類構(gòu)式由概念整合生成。名詞與空間維度形容詞組合,量性特征一致,故漢英類詞式“NA空間表量構(gòu)式”由概念隱喻生成。名詞與非空間維度形容詞組合:名詞帶強(qiáng)空間量特征,需從空間量轉(zhuǎn)換為性狀量與形容詞匹配,由概念整合生成。名詞帶弱空間量特征,量類轉(zhuǎn)變受個(gè)體認(rèn)知影響:認(rèn)為名詞的空間量無(wú)法壓制性狀量,與非空間維度形容詞的量性特征一致,由概念隱喻生成。認(rèn)為名詞的空間量能夠壓制性狀量,與非空間維度形容詞的量性特征不一致,由概念整合生成。因此,漢英類詞式“NA_(非空間)表量構(gòu)式”可由概念隱喻或概念整合生成。
[Abstract]:Based on the self-built integrated grammar and the authoritative corpus, this paper adopts the method of combining qualitative and quantitative analysis, from the cognitive point of view, multi-dimensional, comprehensive comparative analysis of Chinese and English "na table quantitative construction". In order to find out the similarities and differences in essence, type and cause of formation of na expression in Chinese and English. The main findings are as follows: (1) the essence of "na representation construction" in Chinese and English is mainly embodied in the nature of quantity, the realization of quantitative language and the transformation of quantitative category. The essence of quantity is semantic quantity, syntactic quantity and language quantity. The realization of quantitative language is mainly through lexical and grammatical means. The transformation of quantitative category occurs when "N" is a noun, and "N" is a "na expression" with a non-spatial dimension adjective. When "N" is a strong spatial quantity noun, the noun changes from spatial quantity to character quantity, "N" is a weak spatial quantity noun, "N" is a weak spatial quantity noun. There is uncertainty about quantitative change, which is related to individual cognition. When about 24% of the Chinese "na table quantifiers" are weak spatial variables, there is about 24% uncertainty in the transformation of the quantitative category of the Chinese "na table quantitive constructions", and about 40% of the English nouns are weak spatial quantities. That is, there is about 40% uncertainty in English. (2) according to the tightness of the internal structure, the Chinese and English "na table construction" can be divided into phrase type and word-like form. The phrase "na table construction" allows for the insertion of other components, which can be subdivided into "na table construction", "na table quantity construction" and "na table quantity construction" according to the characteristics of the table quantity. There are four structural types of "na expression" in Chinese, 5 in English, 11 in Chinese "na" and 3 in English. There are 24 construction types in Chinese and 5 in English. Other elements are not allowed to be inserted inside the "na table construction", which can be subdivided by adjective dimension. In Chinese and English, there are 5 types of word "na table quantitive constructions", 2 in Chinese and 1 in English. (3) based on self-built integrated construction grammar and quantitative class transformation, It is found that the formation of "na table metric construction" follows the following rules: in the "na table quantitive construction", when the quantitative characteristics of nouns and adjectives are the same, there is no change in the knowledge solution, and this kind of construction is generated by conceptual metaphor; When the quantitive characteristics of nouns and adjectives are not consistent in the "na table quantitive constructions", there is a change of quantitative classes in the knowledge solution, which is generated by conceptual integration. The combination of nouns and spatial adjectives has the same quantitative characteristics, so the Chinese and English words "na spatial representation" are generated by conceptual metaphors. The combination of noun and non-spatial dimension adjectives: nouns with strong spatial quantitative features need to be transformed from spatial quantities to matching of traits and adjectives, which are generated by conceptual integration. Noun has the characteristic of weak spatial quantity and the change of quantitative category is influenced by individual cognition: it is considered that the spatial quantity of noun can not suppress the quantity of character, which is consistent with the quantitative characteristic of adjective of non-spatial dimension, and is generated by conceptual metaphor. It is considered that the spatial quantity of nouns can suppress the quantity of characters, which is inconsistent with the quantitative characteristics of non-spatial adjectives and is generated by conceptual integration. Therefore, the Chinese and English word "Na _ (non-space) expression" can be generated by conceptual metaphor or conceptual integration.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：寧波大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：H146.3;H314.3

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